慢性疾病住院患者口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of oral frailty in chronic disease inpatients

作　　者：王晓闪 叶丽香 陈莉 王心语 蔡小霞 WANG Xiao-shan;YE Li-xiang;CHEN Li;WANG Xin-yu;CAI Xiao-xia(International Nursing College of Hainan Medical University,Haikou,Hainan 571199,China;Department of Nursing,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University,Haikou,Hainan 570216,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]海南医科大学国际护理学院,海南海口571199 [2]海南医科大学第二附属医院护理部,海南海口570216

出　　处：《慢性病学杂志》2025年第1期23-27,共5页Chronic Pathematology Journal

基　　金：海南省哲学社会科学课题[HNSK(ZC)22-193]

摘　　要：目的 调查慢性疾病住院患者口腔衰弱现状,探讨其影响因素。方法 应用一般资料及口腔衰弱调查表于2024年2—3月对海南医科大学第二附属医院内科病区因慢性疾病住院的586例患者进行横断面调查。结果 慢性疾病患者口腔衰弱发病率为61.43%,单因素分析表明,发生口腔衰弱与未发生口腔衰弱慢性疾病患者的年龄、文化程度、家庭所在地、月收入、嚼槟榔、慢性疾病种类、多重用药(χ^(2)=56.050、 35.301、 18.682、 21.304、 4.486、35.142、39.626)、慢性疾病诊断(Z=11.435)、白蛋白(U=-5.421)及血红蛋白(t=4.356)差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);二元logistic回归显示血红蛋白(OR:0.989,95%CI:0.979~0.999)、白蛋白(OR:0.939,95%CI:0.894~0.986)、文化程度(OR:0.452,95%CI:0.245~0.837)、年龄(OR:3.314,95%CI:2.099~5.231)、慢性疾病共病(OR:3.641,95%CI:1.890~7.013)、多重用药(OR:3.132,95%CI:1.869~5.247)、慢性疾病诊断(OR:5.342,95%CI:2.906~9.819)是慢性疾病患者发生口腔衰弱的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 慢性疾病住院患者口腔衰弱发生率处于较高水平,血红蛋白、白蛋白是其保护因素,文化程度低、高龄、慢性疾病共病及多重用药的患者更易发生口腔衰弱,不同慢性疾病诊断患者的口腔衰弱发生率也不同。医护人员在患者入院后要重视并及时调查患者口腔衰弱情况,及早进行有针对性的干预,减少口腔衰弱的发生,减缓慢性疾病进程,提高患者的生活质量。Objective To investigate the current situation of oral frailty in hospitalized patients with chronic diseases and explore its influencing factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 586 patients hospitalized for chronic diseases in the internal medicine ward of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from February to March 2024 using general data and oral frailty questionnaire.Results The incidence of oral frailty in patients with chronic diseases was 61.43%,and univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age,education level,family location,monthly income,betel nut chewing,types of chronic diseases,multiple medications(χ^(2)=56.050,35.301,18.682,21.304,4.486,35.142,39.626),diagnosis of chronic diseases(Z=11.435),albumin(U=-5.421),and hemoglobin(t=4.356)between patients with and without oral frailty and those with chronic diseases without oral frailty(both P<0.05).Binary logistic regression showed that hemoglobin(OR:0.989,95%CI:0.979-0.999),albumin(OR:0.939,95%CI:0.894-0.986),education level(OR:0.452,95%CI:0.245-0.837),age(OR:3.314,95%CI:2.099-5.231),chronic disease comorbidity(OR:3.641,95%CI:1.890-7.013),polypharmacy(OR:3.132,95%CI:1.869-5.247),and diagnosis of chronic diseases(OR:5.342,95%CI:2.906-9.819)were the influencing factors of oral frailty in patients with chronic diseases(both P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of oral frailty in hospitalized patients with chronic diseases is at a high level,and hemoglobin and albumin are its protective factors,and patients with low education level,advanced age,chronic disease comorbidity and polypharmacy are more likely to develop oral frailty,and the incidence of oral frailty in patients with different diagnoses is also different.After the patient is admitted to the hospital,medical staff should pay attention to and investigate the patient’s oral frailty in a timely manner,and carry out targeted intervention as soon as possible to reduce the occurrence of oral frailty,slow down the disease pro

关 键 词：口腔衰弱 非传染性慢性疾病 住院患者 影响因素 

分 类 号：R780.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]