上古汉语心理动词的语义结构——个案分析与理论解释  

The Semantic Structure of Psych-verbs in Ancient Chinese:Case Analysis and Theoretical Explanation

作　　者：赵昕[1,2] ZHAO Xin

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心,100871 [2]北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《历史语言学研究》2024年第1期197-221,共25页

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“基于上古汉语语义知识库的历史语法与词汇研究”(18JJD740002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：心理动词的论元实现模式受到语言学家的关注,以印欧语为材料的研究仍存在一些问题有待解决,而上古汉语心理动词的论元实现有其特色,具有独特价值。利用本文提出的“历时共变法”对上古汉语的“恐”“惧”“畏”三个动词的句法—语义表现进行分析,可以将心理动词分为“应激反应”“性质判断”“组建事实”三类。上古汉语的语言事实,为Pustejovsky(1991)对感事宾语心理动词句法投射的分析提供了新证据,修正完善了Hale和Keyser(2002)对感事主语心理动词的分析。对上古汉语、满语、英语、现代汉语等四种语言恐惧义动词的比较,说明以上三分法具有跨语言普遍性,其中的异同关系在“两次分类”理论框架中(蒋绍愚1999、2007)可以得到较好的描写和解释。The argument realization of Psych-verbs has attracted the attention of linguists,and there are still some problems to be solved in the study of Indo-European language.However,the argument realization of Psych-verbs in ancient Chinese has its own characteristics and unique value.This paper analyzes the syntactic-semantic representation of the ancient Chinese verbs“kong(恐)”,“ju(惧)”and“wei(畏)”by using the“method of diachronic concomitant variations”proposed in this paper.Psychverbs can be divided into three categories:“reaction”,“judgment”and“assembly”.The instances of ancient Chinese provide new evidence for Pustejovsky’s(1991)analysis of the syntactic projection of ObjExp verbs,and refine the analysis of SubjExp verbs by Hale and Keyser(2002).The comparison of fear verbs in ancient Chinese,Manchu,English and Mandarin shows that the trichotomy is universal across languages,and the similarities and differences can be well described and explained in the theoretical framework of“Two-stage classification”.

关 键 词：上古汉语 心理动词 句法—语义结构 两次分类 历时共变法 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]