“吃食堂”类旁格宾语结构的来源  

The Derivation of the Oblique Objects Construction“Chi Shitang(吃食堂)”

作　　者：李美澄 杨永龙[2] LI Meicheng;YANG Yonglong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学研究生院,102488 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732

出　　处：《历史语言学研究》2023年第2期64-80,共17页

摘　　要：旁格宾语的生成机制与语义角色的复杂性一直是学界探讨的焦点,无论生成学派还是功能学派都提出了各种不同的看法。但是学界着眼点多为现代汉语,对古汉语中的表现及其历时演变关注很少。本文通过出土文献和相关资料的挖掘,对“吃食堂”类旁格宾语结构的来源和发展过程进行了比较细致的考察。本文注意到,“吃食堂”类旁格宾语结构最早可以追溯到汉魏六朝时期的“食天厨”,“食天厨”已经构式化,意义不同于“食于天厨”,也未见“食于天厨”用例。但是,同时代另有“食天仓、食太仓”,一方面与“食天厨”一样可以看作“吃食堂”类旁格宾语结构,另一方面也可以看作“食于天仓、食于太仓”的省略。“食天仓、食太仓”之所以可以在省略之后重新分析为“吃食堂”类旁格宾语结构,是因为“天仓、太仓”不仅是处所名词,也是普通名词,而且该名词所指称的是动词“食”的凭借。“吃食堂”构式的旁格宾语既是处所,也是提供食物的机构,还可以看作动作赖以实现的依凭。这就与自先秦以来存在的另外一种旁格宾语结构“食天禄”以及同类的“食邑”等“食+凭借对象”联系起来。The derivation and the complexity of thematic roles of oblique objects have always been the focus of academic discussion,with different accounts for both functionalists and formalists.However,the focus of the academic community is mostly on Mandarin Chinese,with less attention paid to the expression and diachronic evolution of Ancient Chinese.This article provides a detailed interpretation of the derivation and development process of the oblique object construction“chi shitang”through unearthed literature and relevant materials.My account,the oblique object construction“chi shitang”can be traced back to the“shi tianchu”during the Han-Wei and Six Dynasties periods.“Shi tianchu”has been constructionalization and has a different meaning from“eating in the heavenly kitchen”,with no use case for“shi yu tianchu”.However,in the same era,there were also“shi tiancang”and“shi taicang”.On the one hand,like“shi tianchu”,it can be seen as the oblique object construction“chi shitang”,and on the other hand,it can also be seen as the ellipsis of“shi yu tiancang/taicang”.The reason why“shi tiancang/taicang”can be reanalyzed as the oblique object construction“chi shitang”after ellipsis is that“tiancang”and“taicang”are not only locative nouns,but also common nouns,which refers to“food”.“Shitang”is not only a location but also an institution that provides food.Meanwhile,“shitang”can also be seen as the basis for the implementation of actions.It is related to another type of the oblique object construction“shi+manner object”,such as“shi tianlu”“shi yi”.

关 键 词：旁格宾语 吃食堂 “吃食堂”构式 转喻 动宾关系 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语] H14