蔬菜自动移栽机多叶片式鸭嘴栽植机构设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Multi-blade Duck Bill Planting Mechanism for Automatic Vegetable Transpl anter

作　　者：金永旺 胡建平[1] 吕俊鹏 姚梦娇 刘伟[1] 曾添懿 JIN Yongwang;HU Jianping;LÜJunpeng;YAO Mengjiao;LIU Wei;ZENG Tianyi(College of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Runhe(Zhenjiang)Agricultural Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业工程学院,镇江212013 [2]润禾(镇江)农业装备有限公司,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第S1期217-229,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：无锡市科技发展资金项目(N20231004);上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科产字(2023)第2号);镇江市科技计划项目(NY2022007)

摘　　要：针对现有蔬菜移栽机栽植机构作业时栽植器对土壤的扰动量大、回流量低、穴口尺寸规则性差进而造成成穴效果差、露苗率高、直立度低的问题,基于鸭嘴形状设计了一种多叶片式鸭嘴栽植机构。阐述了整体结构组成及工作原理,通过理论分析和建立运动数学模型,对关键部件进行了结构和工作参数的初步设计;对影响土壤成穴效果的因素进行分析,以鸭嘴叶片数量、鸭嘴开合角度、鸭嘴开合速度为试验因素,土壤扰动量、土壤回流量、穴口尺寸规则性为成穴效果评价指标,设计了三因素三水平正交组合试验,运用Design-Expert软件建立了评价指标的回归数学模型,对试验结果进行了响应曲面对比分析,比较了3种因素对评价指标影响的显著性;通过对回归模型进行多目标参数优化,得到当鸭嘴叶片数量为4片、鸭嘴开合角度为22°、鸭嘴开合电机转速为70 r/min时,土壤扰动量、土壤回流量、穴口尺寸规则性分别为0.559、0.788、7.136 mm,此时土壤成穴效果最优;根据最优试验结果对关键部件的设计参数进行了优化和确定,并开展了大田栽植作业试验。试验结果表明,栽植作业试验与耦合仿真试验间评价指标平均误差分别为2.2%、2.3%、1.8%,符合仿真试验与实际试验间误差的要求;同时栽植作业后的露苗率和直立度合格率进行了评判,露苗率为3.6%,直立度合格率为96.7%,符合行业标准的要求,验证了多叶片鸭嘴栽植机构设计和理论分析的正确性。In order to solve the problems caused by large soil disturbance,low return flow,poor hole size regularity,poor hole forming effect,high dew rate and low upright degree,a multi-leaf duck bill planting mechanism was designed based on duck bill shape.The composition and working principle of the whole structure were described,and the structure and working parameters of the key components were preliminarily designed through theoretical analysis and the establishment of the mathematical model of motion.The factors affecting the soil cavitation effect were analyzed.With the number of duck bill leaves,the opening and closing angle of duck bill,and the opening and closing speed of duck bill as test factors,and the soil disturbance amount,soil return flow,and the regularity of the cavity size as evaluation indexes,a three-factor and three-level orthogonal combination experiment was designed.A regression mathematical model of the evaluation indexes was established by using Design-Expert software.The response surface of the test results was compared,and the significance of the three factors on the evaluation index was compared.According to the multi-objective parameter optimization of the regression model,when the number of duck bill leaves was 4,the opening and closing angle of duck bill was 22°,and the opening and closing speed of duck bill was 70 r/min,the regularity of soil disturbance amount,soil return flow rate and hole size were 0.559,0.788 and 7.136,respectively,the soil cavitation effect was the best at this time.According to the optimal test results,the design parameters of the key components were optimized and determined,and the field planting experiment was carried out.The results showed that the average error of evaluation index between planting operation test and coupling simulation test was 2.2%,2.3%and 1.8%,respectively,which met the requirement of error between simulation test and actual test.At the same time,the dew rate and orthostatic qualification rate after planting operation were evaluated,the dew ra

关 键 词：栽植机构 多叶片鸭嘴栽植器 成穴效果 仿真 栽植试验 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]