信息技术介入刑事审判的规制理念与实施机制——以刑事远程审判为例  

作　　者：凌依依 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《数字法治》2024年第5期181-196,共16页DIGITAL LAW

摘　　要：信息技术的介入影响刑事审判的外在形态和内在理念。以刑事远程审判为分析对象,远程审判形式与真相发现目标、传统程序理念之间都存在紧张关系。归根结底,这些张力的本质是信息技术招致的被告人合法权益减损之风险。作为刑事远程审判的规范理论和评价标准,禁止不利变更理念建基于分配正义、控辩平衡和人本主义理念之上,并且在新的适用语境中具有不同的理论内涵:适用前提是以被告人既有的合法权益为坐标,检视信息技术引发的变更;适用范围包含被告人权益在实体、程序和效益维度呈现的所有变更;适用核心在于根据诉讼程序的目的,对造成实质不利的变更予以禁止。在落实层面,禁止不利变更理念可以与规范文本耦合,建立一种层次化的实施机制。被告人同意可以作为信息技术并未引发实质不利变更的推定;法院关照作为兜底机制,遵循家长主义的政治道德,必要时否定被告人同意,避免其权利被不当放弃。实际上,禁止不利变更理念的规范对象不限于刑事远程审判,可对更多信息技术应用进行规范。The intervention of information technology has affected both the external form and the internal concept of criminal trials.Taking remote criminal trials as an object of analysis,there are tensions between the form of remote trials and the goal of fact-finding,as well as traditional procedural concepts.Ultimately,the essence of these tensions is the risk of impairment of legitimate rights and interests of the defendant caused by information technology.As a normative theory and evaluation standard for remote criminal trial,Prohibition of Adverse Alteration Principle is based on the distributive justice,balance between the prosecution and the defendant,as well as humanism.It has different theoretical connotations in the new context of application:the premise of application is to examine alteration caused by information technology based on the defendant's existing legitimate interests;the scope of application includes all changes of the defendant's rights and interests in the dimension of substance,procedure,and benefits;the core of application lies in the prohibition of essentially adverse changes in accordance with the purpose of the procedure.At the implementation dimension,Prohibition of Adverse Alteration Principle can be coupled with the normative text to establish a hierarchical implementation mechanism.The defendant's consent can be used as a presumption that the information technology does not trigger an essential disadvantage;the litigation care serves as an underpinning mechanism,following the political morality of paternalism and denying the defendant's consent when necessary to avoid undue waiver of his or her rights.Finally,Prohibition of Adverse Alteration Principle is not limited to remote criminal trials,but can regulate a wider range of information technology applications.

关 键 词：信息技术 刑事远程审判 禁止不利变更理念 被告人权利保障 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]