听觉距离感知的主观评价及脑电事件相关电位实验研究  

Auditory distance perception:A study based on subjective evaluation and event⁃related potentials

作　　者：杜诗沁 林志斌 Du Shiqin;Lin Zhibin(Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics,Ministry of Education,Institute of Acoustics,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210093,China)

机构地区：[1]近代声学教育部重点实验室,南京大学声学研究所,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期1-14,共14页Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12274221)

摘　　要：听觉距离感知在识别潜在危险、确定声源位置、日常活动、人际交流、音乐和艺术表演以及学习与记忆过程中扮演至关重要的角色.因此,结合主观评价和事件相关电位(Event-Related Potential,ERP)分析,通过行为学实验和脑电图(Electroencephalography,EEG)生理测量,探究了听觉距离感知的现象及其潜在机制.主观评价结果表明,被试在近距离条件下的距离感知较为准确.在远距离条件下,感知准确性下降,呈现出与幂函数拟合一致的低估现象.行为学实验结果表明,与近偏差刺激相比,被试对远偏差刺激的响应错误率与反应时间均显著增加.在ERP实验结果中,观察到P1-N1-P2复合体的存在.在无注意力条件下,P3a成分仅在偏差更明显的近偏差刺激处出现,而引入注意力后,无论远偏差还是近偏差刺激,P3a成分均有显现.P3b成分仅在引入注意力的条件下显著,并且随着刺激强度降低和任务难度增加,其时延增加且振幅下降.ERP图像还揭示了大脑半球特异化的现象,结果显示右半球对于距离相关的听觉刺激更为敏感.Auditory distance perception is pivotal in recognizing potential dangers,determining sound source locations,daily activities,interpersonal communication,music and art performances,as well as the processes of learning and memorizing.This study integrated subjective evaluations with event⁃related potential(ERP)analysis,employing behavioral experiments and electroencephalography(EEG)physiological measurements to explore the phenomena and the underlying mechanisms of auditory distance perception.Subjective evaluation results indicated that participants′distance perception was more accurate at closer ranges,whereas accuracy decreased at greater distances,displaying an underestimation consistent with a power function fit.Behavioral results demonstrated that compared to the near deviant stimuli,participants exhibited significantly higher error rates and more reaction time in response to the far deviant stimuli.In addition,ERP results showed the presence of the P1⁃N1⁃P2 complex.In the no⁃attention condition,the P3a component appeared only for the more pronounced near deviant stimuli;however,under the attention condition,it was present for both near and far deviant stimuli.The P3b component was significant only under the attention condition,and as the stimuli intensity decreased and task difficulty increased,its latency increased and amplitude decreased.ERP imaging also revealed hemisphere⁃specific responses in the brain,with the right hemisphere being more sensitive to distance⁃related auditory stimuli.

关 键 词：听觉距离感知 听觉主观评价 听觉事件相关电位 声源定位 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TN911.7[医药卫生—基础医学]