基于DEM-MBD仿真的滩涂贝类振动采收设备设计与试验  

Design and Testing of Mudflat Shellfish Vibrating Harvester Based on DEM-MBD Simulation

作　　者：李航企 张国琛 刘法伟 李秀辰 王玉瑞 母刚 LI Hangqi;ZHANG Guochen;LIU Fawei;LI Xiuchen;WANG Yurui;MU Gang(College of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;College of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Provincial Marine Fishery Equipment Specialized Technology Innovation Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学机械与动力工程学院,大连116023 [2]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [3]辽宁省海洋渔业装备专业技术创新中心,大连116023

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第S2期361-370,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2400800);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJ232410158048);辽宁省本科高校基本科研业务费项目(2024JBPTZ002);辽宁省教育厅项目(LJKFZ20220241)

摘　　要：针对我国滩涂贝类机械化程度低、理论研究匮乏等问题,设计了一种履带式滩涂贝类筛-刷协同振动采收设备,设备采用双层振动筛-多级滚刷协同采收技术完成贝类挖掘、筛分、输送与分级等作业。以四角蛤蜊为研究对象,对双层振动筛与一级人字形双螺旋采收滚刷进行理论分析,推导其主要结构参数与运行参数范围。基于离散元法与多体动力学耦合仿真方法开展滩涂贝类振动采收仿真研究,确定设备关键结构参数:双层振动筛曲柄长度10 mm,一级人字形双螺旋采收滚刷螺旋升角30°。在辽宁省锦州市对样机开展滩涂贝类采收田间试验,以设备曲柄转速、一级人字形双螺旋采收滚刷转速、二级清理滚刷转速为试验因素,以贝类采收效率、破碎率与漏采率为试验指标完成滩涂贝类采收正交试验,求解设备运行参数最佳组合:曲柄转速为870 r/min、一级人字形双螺旋采收滚刷转速为65 r/min、二级清理滚刷转速为110 r/min,贝类采收效率为133.80 kg/h、贝类破碎率为5.25%、贝类漏采率为7.46%。采收后50 mm深滩涂底质剪切强度降低65.13%,稚贝回滩率为92.29%,有利于贝类可持续化养殖。该设备满足滩涂贝类采收生产需求,为我国滩涂贝类机械化采收装备的设计提供了参考。To address the challenges of low mechanization and limited theoretical research in shellfish harvesting on Chinese mudflats,a crawler mudflat shellfish mechanized brush-screen cooperative vibration harvester was designed for harvesting mudflats shellfish.This device integrated a double-deck vibrating screen and multi-stage roller brush system to efficiently excavate,screen,and transport shellfish.The white clam was used as the research object.The theoretical analysis of the double-deck vibrating screen and the first double-spiral harvesting roller brush were conducted and the key structural and operational parameters were then calculated.The mudflat shellfish harvesting single-factor test was conducted by using discrete element method(DEM)and multi-body dynamics(MBD)coupled simulations.The identified key structural parameters included a crank length of 10 mm for the double-deck vibrating screen and a spiral angle of 30°for the first double-spiral harvesting roller brush.The prototype was developed,and mudflat shellfish harvesting orthogonal field tests were conducted in Jinzhou City,Liaoning Province.The tests considered operational parameters such as crank rotation speed,the first double-spiral harvesting roller brush rotation speed,and secondary cleaning roller brush rotation speed.The optimal parameter combination was determined to be a crank rotation speed of 870 r/min,the first double-spiral harvesting roller brush rotation speed of 65 r/min,and secondary cleaning roller brush rotation speed of 110 r/min.Under these conditions,the device achieved a clam harvesting efficiency of 133.80 kg/h,a clam breakage rate of 5.25%,and a clam missing rate of 7.46%.Post-harvest,the shear strength of the mudflat at a depth of 50 mm was decreased by 65.13%,and the juvenile clam return rate was 92.29%,supporting the sustainable cultivation of shellfish.This device met the production requirements for mudflat shellfish harvesting and it can serve as a valuable reference for the mechanization of shellfish harvesting in China.

关 键 词：滩涂贝类 机械化采收 离散元法 多体动力学 田间试验 

分 类 号：S972.691[农业科学—捕捞与储运]