南京地区人体舒适度特征分析及其对田径运动成绩的影响  

Analysis of human comfort characteristics and its impact on athletics performance in Nanjing

作　　者：周娴 冯晓劲[1] 王成[1] 张宁[2,3] Zhou Xian;Feng Xiaojin;Wang Cheng;Zhang Ning(Department of Sports,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing,210023,China;Key laboratory of Urban Meteorology Chinese Meteorology,Beijing,100089)

机构地区：[1]南京大学体育部,南京210023 [2]南京大学大气科学学院,南京210023 [3]中国气象局城市气象重点开放实验室,北京100089

出　　处：《南京大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第6期1045-1052,共8页Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2342221);中国气象局城市气象创新团队(CMA2022ZD09)

摘　　要：人体舒适度是评估城市宜居性的重要指标,它是人体器官和皮肤等感受器对环境感知后,通过神经系统作出的反应.人体舒适度受气温、湿度和风速等气象要素的直接影响.利用位于南京大学仙林校区的南京长三角大气过程与环境变化国家野外科学观测研究站(SORPES) 2015-2021年的气象观测资料对该地区的人体舒适度指数特征进行了分析,所选指数包括了热应力(Heat Index,HI)、湿热指数(Humidex)、湿球黑球温度(WBGT)和风冷指数(WCI).从年际变化看,各指数的量值基本相当,均在15~20.各指数的年变化趋势和月变化趋势与温度变化趋势有很高的一致性,这是因为在各个指数的定义和计算中,气温都是权重最大的气象因素,在此基础上再通过湿度、风速等要素进行修订.各个指数的概率密度分布均出现了弱的“三峰型”,这是秋季的“双峰型”和其他季节的“单峰型”叠加导致的.秋季各指数“双峰型”分布特征主要是由较大的昼夜温差导致的.总体来看,南京地区人体感觉以舒适为主,热环境风险远大于冷环境风险,以Humidex为指标统计的风险概率比以HI为指标的略高.利用南京大学高水平运动员200 m短跑的训练记录分析了人体舒适度对户外运动的影响,统计结果表明不同的运动员对热环境的敏感性反应存在极大的个体差异,30%的研究对象受热环境舒适度影响,其中10%的研究对象受热环境舒适度影响明显,女运动员的敏感度高于男运动员.研究结果表明在未来的体育训练中,环境人体舒适度对运动员的影响是不可忽视的,需要加强关注和研究.Human comfort is an important indicator of urban livability,and it is the response of human organs and skin and other receptors to environment changes through the nervous system.Human comfort is directly affected by meteorological factors such as temperature,humidity and wind speed.In this paper,the changes of human comfort indicators,including HI(Heat Index),Humidex,WBGT,WCI,in Nanjing area were analyzed by using meteorological observations from 2015 to 2021 at the SORPES station located on Xianlin Campus of Nanjing University.The interannual variation magnitude of each index is basically similar,ranging from 15 to 20.The annual and monthly trends of each index are highly consistent with the temperature trend,because in the definition and calculation of each index,temperature is the meteorological factor with the greatest weight,and on this basis,it is revised by humidity,wind speed and other factors.From the perspective of the probability density of each index interval,the probability density distribution of each index has a weak"three‐peak type",which is caused by the superposition of the"bimodal type"in autumn and the"unimodal type"in other seasons.The"bimodal"distribution of each index in autumn is mainly caused by the large temperature difference between day and night.From the perspective of statistical characteristics,the human body perception in Nanjing is mainly comfortable,and the probability of hot environment risk is much greater than that of cold environment risk.The risk probability is slightly higher with Humidex than that is with HI.Using the training records of 200 m sprint of athletes from Nanjing University,the impact of human comfort on outdoor sports was analyzed,and it was found that there are great individual differences in the sensitivity response of different athletes to the thermal environment.That is 30%of the subjects are affected by the thermal environment comfort,and 10%of the subjects are significantly affected by the thermal environment comfort,and the sensitivity of female athle

关 键 词：城市宜居性 人体舒适度 户外活动 

分 类 号：G82[文化科学—体育训练] P463.3[文化科学—体育学]