近代中国古物“国宝”概念的演变与话语表征  

The Evolution and Discourse Representation of the Concept of"National Treasure"in Antiquities in Modern China

作　　者：关昕 Guan Xin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院中国历史研究院,北京100101

出　　处：《文博学刊》2024年第5期75-83,共9页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

摘　　要：“国宝”是近代中国“古物”话语系统演进的关键词汇,也是民族国家物化表征的代表性概念之一。“国宝”的价值认知和阐释方式,主要形成发展于20世纪上半叶以清宫帝室藏品为国家主体典藏,以金石学和器物学为古物保护主要知识背景的历史时期,映射了物质文化呼应民族国家建设与国人身份认同的政治文化功能。“国宝”概念所蕴含的文物价值判定的阶序性、文物阐释的艺术化与经典性、文物命运与国运共振的阈限性等范式特征,至今仍对我国的文物认知和实践有着深刻的影响。"National treasure"is a key term in the evolution of the discourse on"antiquities"in modern China.It is also one of the representative concepts of the material representation of the nation-state.The understanding and interpretation of"national treasure"mainly developed during the first half of the 20th century,a period when the Qing imperial collection was the main national collection,and epigraphy and antiquarian studies formed the main intellectual framework for the conservation of antiquities.This development reflects the political and cultural roles of material culture in supporting the construction of the nation-state and reinforcing national identity.The paradigmatic features of the concept of"national treasures",such as the hierarchical determination of the value of cultural relics,the artistic and classical interpretation of these relics,and liminality on the resonance between the fate of cultural objects and the destiny of the nation,continue to profoundly influence the understanding and practice of cultural relics in China today.

关 键 词：国宝 古物 阈限性 范式 

分 类 号：G260[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]