可变阻力训练对运动员下肢爆发力影响的Meta分析  

The Impact of Variable Resistance Training on the Lower Limb Explosive Power of Athletes:A Meta-Analysis

作　　者：江学文 杨阳 周元超[1] Jiang Xuewen;Yang Yang;Zhou Yuanchao(School of Physical Education,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学体育学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2025年第1期55-60,共6页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：目的:系统评估可变阻力训练对运动员下肢爆发力表现的训练干预效果,为在训练实践中科学运用可变阻力训练提供证据支持。方法:通过中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库检索文献,利用Brughelli改进后的质量评分表评价文献质量,应用ReviewManager5.4软件分别进行数据合并、绘制森林图、异质分析以及Meta回归。结果:共纳入14篇文献,在最大力量(SMD=5.93,95%CI为[3.29,8.57])的提高上,可变阻力训练相比于传统抗阻训练能更显著地增强运动员的最大力量(P<0.0001);可变阻力训练对运动员的立定跳远能力(SMD=0.03,95%CI为[0.02,0.04])的影响也有非常显著的差异(P<0.0001);可变阻力训练对反向纵跳(SMD=3.58,95%CI为[1.89,5.27],P<0.0001)的提高差异同样非常显著,但对30 m冲刺跑成绩的提高(SMD=-0.02,95%CI为[-0.04,0.00])并无显著差异(P=0.08)。结论:相比于传统抗阻训练,6~12周的可变阻力训练能够更有效地提升运动员的下肢最大力量表现、立定跳远及反向纵跳成绩,且适宜的可变阻力负荷为20%~30%1RM。OBJECTIVE:To systematically assess the training intervention effect of variable resistance training on the lower limb explosive power performance of athletes and provide evidence support for the scientific application of variable resistance training in training practice.METHODS:Literature was retrieved through databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),PubMed,and Web of Science.The quality of the literature was evaluated using the quality scoring table improved by Brughelli.Review Manager 5.4 software was employed for data consolidation,forest plot drawing,heterogeneity analysis,and meta-regression.RESULTS:A total of 14 articles were included.In terms of the improvement of maximum strength(SMD=5.93,95%CI[3.29,8.57]),variable resistance training could enhance the maximum strength of athletes more significantly compared to traditional resistance training(P<0.0001);the influence of variable resistance training on the standing long jump ability of athletes(SMD=0.03,95%CI[0.02,0.04])also presented a highly significant difference(P<0.0001);the improvement in reverse vertical jump(SMD=3.58,95%CI[1.89,5.27],P<0.0001)by variable resistance training was equally highly significant,but there was no significant difference in the improvement of 30m sprint performance(SMD=-0.02,95%CI[-0.04,0.00])(P=0.08).CONCLUSION:Compared to traditional resistance training,6-12 weeks of variable resistance training can more effectively enhance the lower limb maximum strength performance,standing long jump,and reverse vertical jump of athletes,and the appropriate variable resistance load is 20%-30%1RM.

关 键 词：可变阻力训练 爆发力 最大力量 弹力带 铁链 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]