不同部位云产雪茄烟叶品质及微生物群落结构的研究  

Research on the quality and microbial community structure of different parts of Yunnan produced cigar tobacco leaves

作　　者：周潇 何福英 禹紫云 徐峥嵘 董军忠 王冰冰 李田 刘妍 陆欣 ZHOU Xiao;HE Fuying;YU Ziyun;XU Zhengrong;DONG Junzhong;WANG Bingbing;LI Tian;LIU Yan;LU Xin(Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College,Yuxi 653100,China;Tobacco Industry Service Center of Yuanjiang County,Yuanjiang 653300,China)

机构地区：[1]玉溪农业职业技术学院,云南玉溪653100 [2]元江县烟草产业服务中心,云南元江653300

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第4期97-103,共7页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“元江县云雪39号雪茄烟叶细菌菌落多样性和品质变化研究”(2024J1712);兴玉英才支持计划青年人才科研项目“海拔高度对云产雪茄烟叶微生物群落多样性表征和中性致香成分&内在感官质量的相关性研究”(2023yn001);玉溪农业职业技术学院“密闭式热泵烤房‘三系统’‘双提升’促云南省‘三产协同’‘两物融合’的应用研究”(2023HX02)。

摘　　要：为研究不同部位云产雪茄烟叶的品质及微生物群落结构,以雪茄品种云雪39号的不同部位(上部二级叶C1、中部二级叶C2和下部二级叶C3)为研究对象,考察其感官质量,通过气相色谱质谱法(GC-MS)测定中性致香成分含量,通过α-多样性、β-多样性等分析微生物群落结构变化。结果表明,感官质量方面,云雪39号不同部位感官质量评分由高到低依次为中部烟叶C2>上部烟叶C1>下部烟叶C3,中部烟叶香气量足、香韵丰富、杂气少、刺激弱、余味和舒适性较好;中性致香成分方面,3种部位雪茄烟叶检测出主要中性致香成分29种,中性致香成分总含量及各香气类型含量均为中部烟叶C2最高;微生物群落结构方面,不同部位雪茄烟叶的表面微生物群落结构组成和相对丰度存在差异,下部烟叶C3样品OTU总数和特有OTU数均最多,细菌群落多样性较丰富,假单胞菌属、泛菌属和未命名菌属是造成烟叶微生物群落结构差异的关键菌属,不同部位雪茄烟叶代谢通路集中在信号转导和细胞过程、氨基酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢和遗传信息处理,不同部位的雪茄烟叶同种代谢通路存在差异。本文为雪茄烟叶产品配方的进一步开发及发酵功能微生物筛选提供参考。To investigate the quality and microbial community structure of different parts of Yunnan produced cigar tobacco leaves,the sensory quality of different parts(upper secondary leaf C1,middle secondary leaf C2,and lower secondary leaf C3) of cigar variety Yunxue 39 was examined.The content of neutral aroma components was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the changes in microbial community structure were analyzed by alpha diversity,beta diversity,etc.The results showed that in terms of sensory quality,the sensory quality scores of different parts of Yunxue 39 were ranked from high to low as followed:C2 for the middle tobacco leaves>C1 for the upper tobacco leaves>C3 for the lower tobacco leaves.The middle tobacco leaves had sufficient aroma,rich fragrance,less impurities,weak stimulation,good aftertaste and comfort;in terms of neutral aroma components,29 main neutral aroma components were detected in cigar leaves from 3 different parts.The total content of neutral aroma components and the content of various aroma types were the highest in the C2 tobacco leaves from the central part;in terms of microbial community structure,there were differences in the composition and relative abundance of surface microbial communities in different parts of cigar tobacco leaves.The C3 sample of lower tobacco leaves had the highest total number of OTUs and unique OTUs,and the bacterial community diversity was relatively rich.Pseudomonas,Pantoea,and unnamed genera were the key bacterial genera that cause differences in the microbial community structure of tobacco leaves.The metabolic pathways of cigar tobacco leaves in different parts were concentrated in signal transduction and cellular processes,amino acid metabolism,fatty acid metabolism,and genetic information processing,and there were differences in the same metabolic pathways in cigar tobacco leaves in different parts.This article provides references for further development of cigar tobacco product formula and screening of fermentation functional micr

关 键 词：云产雪茄烟叶 部位 感官质量 中性致香成分 微生物群落结构 代谢途径 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学] TS444[农业科学—烟草工业]