氧化三甲胺饲料强化对三疣梭子蟹蜕壳及在低盐下存活和渗透调节的影响  

Effect of trimethylamine-N-oxide dietary enrichment on the molting of the swimming crabs(Portunus trituberculatus)and their survival and osmoregulation under low salinity

作　　者：吴岑艳 林维钏 史策 母昌考[1] 王春琳[1] 叶央芳[1] WU Cenyan;LIN Weichuan;SHI Ce;MU Changkao;WANG Chunlin;YE Yangfang(School of Marine Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315832,China;Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315832,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,浙江宁波315832 [2]宁波大学,水产生物技术教育部重点实验室,浙江宁波315832

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第1期114-123,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32373150);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2020XTTGSC03)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究氧化三甲胺(TMAO)对三疣梭子蟹在低盐下存活和渗透调节的影响。【方法】采用不同浓度的TMAO(0、0.2%、0.4%和0.8%)饲料强化三疣梭子蟹幼蟹15 d,并进行急性低盐(盐度为4)胁迫。【结果】饲料添加TMAO能提高三疣梭子蟹的蜕壳率,其中0.8%TMAO添加组的幼蟹蜕壳率提高最明显,在第15天时达到最大值(53.9%±0.4%)。经TMAO强化后,三疣梭子蟹在低盐下的存活率都有所提高。其中0.2%TMAO添加组强化效果最好,低盐胁迫216 h的存活率可达75%,显著高于对照水平。此外,经TMAO强化的三疣梭子蟹在低盐下都具有相对较高的血清渗透压、后鳃Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶活性及其α亚基基因表达水平和各组织的TMAO累积量。【结论】TMAO强化可提高三疣梭子蟹在低盐下的存活率,可能与TMAO促进三疣梭子蟹蜕壳,增强无机离子和渗透调节物质参与的渗透压调节有关。To investigate the effects of trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO)enrichment on the survival and osmoregulation of Portunus trituberculatus under low salinity conditions,P.trituberculatus juveniles were fed diets containing different concentrations TMAO(0,0.2%,0.4% and 0.8%).Following a 15 day-TMAO enrichment period,the P.trituberculatus were subjected to low salinity(4)stress.The results showed that dietary TMAO supplementation increased the molting rate of P.trituberculatus under normal salinity(26).Specifically,the highest molting rate was observed in the 0.8%TMAO-supplemented group,reaching 53.9%±0.4% on day 15.All TMAO concentrations enhanced the survival rate of P.trituberculatus under low salinity stress.Notably,the 0.2% TMAO-enriched group exhibited the highest survival rate of 75%at 216 h of low salinity stress,which was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the TMAO-enriched P.trituberculatus displayed higher serum osmotic pressure,gill Na^(+)-K^(+)ATPase activity,mRNA gene expression of the α subunit of this enzyme,and TMAO content in various tissues compared to the control.This study suggests that TMAO enrichment may enhance the survival of P.trituberculatus under low salinity conditions by promoting molting and improving osmatic regulation through the use of inorganic ion and osmolytes.These findings provide a potential dietary supplement for the aquaculture of P.trituberculatus in low salinity environments.

关 键 词：三疣梭子蟹 低盐 存活 氧化三甲胺 渗透调节 

分 类 号：S963.73[农业科学—水产养殖]