趋向补语“下”的宏事件表征  

Directional Complement Xia Representing Macro-Events

作　　者：严辰松 陈冬兰 YAN Chen-song;CHEN Dong-lan

机构地区：[1]广西大学外国语学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《外语导刊》2025年第1期43-49,158,共8页Foreign Languages Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“事件结构视角下的汉语动结式多维度研究”(20XYY023)。

摘　　要：汉语趋向补语“下”所处的句法结构有NP V C和NP1V C NP2两种形式。“下”可表示实在的空间位移和状态变化,也可表达虚泛的体相意义。对“动词+下”所能表征的宏事件类型进行分析,并考察各类事件中“下”与前项和后项名词短语的关系,我们发现:1)“下”用于表达运动事件时,它和NP2表征的背景实体构成核心图式,陈述焦点实体的空间位移,此时“下”相当于介词;2)“下”用于表达状态变化事件时,“下”陈述NP2表征的焦点实体,表示该实体在动作后所处的状态,此时“下”相当于动词或形容词;3)“下”用于表达体相和实现两类事件时,与前后的名词短语无关。“下”指涉整个事件,表示事件有了某种结果,如完结、达成或得以实现,此时“下”实为体相助词。The directional complement Xia appears in two syntactic structures:NP V C and NP1 V C NP2 in Chinese.Xia can literally express spatial displacement and change of state and can also convey aspectual meaning.We conduct a study on the macro-events that can be represented by“verb+Xia”construction and on the relationships between Xia and the NPs involved in each of the representations,finding that:1)When used to express the motion event,Xia and the ground entity represented by NP2 form the core schema to describe the spatial displacement of the figural entity.Xia in this situation is equivalent to a preposition.2)When used to express the change-of-state event,Xia is predicated of the figural entity represented by NP2,indicating the state it is in after the action.Xia in this situation is equivalent to a verb or an adjective.3)When used to express the temporal contouring or the realization event,Xia has nothing to do with either NP,but functions as an aspectual marker for the whole sentence,indicating accomplishment or fulfillment of the event.

关 键 词：趋向补语 下 宏事件 运动事件 状态变化事件 体相事件 实现事件 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]