气象条件对三江平原水稻产量和营养品质的影响  

Effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality in the Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：高永刚[1,2] 王芳 王艳 韩俊杰 姜丽霞[1,2] 高峰 王铭[1,2] 孙胜阳 GAO Yonggang;WANG Fang;WANG Yan;HAN Junjie;JIANG Lixia;GAO Feng;WANG Ming;SUN Shengyang(Heilongjiang Institute of Meteorological Science,Harbin 150030,China;Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast,China Meteorological Administration,Harbin 150030,China;Jiamusi Meteorological Administration,Jiamusi 154004,China;Fujin Meteorological Administration,Fujin 156100,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Meteorological Data Centre,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]佳木斯市气象局,黑龙江佳木斯154004 [4]富锦市气象局,黑龙江富锦156100 [5]黑龙江省气象数据中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2024年第6期78-88,共11页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300201);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021Z059);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2021D019)共同资助。

摘　　要：选用2018—2019年三江平原水稻分期移栽观测资料、气象资料和籽粒品质检测资料,采用Duncan多重极差检验、Friedman秩检验、相关分析、产量与品质综合指数等方法,分析气象条件对水稻产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明:气象条件对产量影响显著,产量与抽穗—乳熟期的∑T≥10℃呈极显著正相关,该值684.8℃为水稻获得理想产量的积温指标。气象条件对籽粒氨基酸、脂肪酸含量影响显著,各类氨基酸、脂肪酸含量与气象条件相关性各有特点。总体上,氨基酸含量与抽穗—乳熟期的ΔT、移栽—成熟期的T_(max)分别呈极显著、显著负相关;脂肪酸含量与移栽—成熟期的T和T_(max)、孕穗—成熟期的ΔT呈极显著负相关。抽穗—乳熟期ΔT为5.1℃和孕穗—成熟期ΔT为7.0℃分别是获得理想氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的气温指标。气象条件对籽粒蛋白质含量无显著影响,而对籽粒脂肪、淀粉、直链淀粉含量影响显著;随着移栽期推迟,脂肪和直链淀粉含量降低,淀粉含量增加。总体上,水稻产量和营养品质与抽穗—乳熟期T min呈显著正相关,在三江平原,水稻适宜移栽期为气温稳定通过13.0℃,移栽日期为5月19日左右,上述条件下水稻栽培可获得高产、优质、高效。可见,合理调控作物播种或移栽期是农业生产中改善作物产量与品质的有效方法,可促进农业生产增产、提质、增效。The effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality were analyzed by using Duncan′s multiple extreme deviation test,Friedman′s rank test,correlation analysis,and yield and quality composite index in 2018-2019 using the 2018-2019 rice staged transplantation observations,meteorological data,and grain quality testing data in the Sanjiang Plain.The results showed that meteorological conditions had a significant effect on yield,which was highly significantly and positively correlated with∑T≥10℃at the heading-milk ripening stage,and this value of 684.8℃was an indicator of the cumulative temperature for obtaining ideal yield in rice.Meteorological conditions significantly affected the amino acid and fatty acid contents of grains,and the correlation between various types of amino acid and fatty acid contents and meteorological conditions was unique.Overall,amino acid content was highly significant and significantly negatively correlated withΔT at the heading-milk ripening stage and T_(max) at the transplanting-maturity stage,respectively;fatty acid content was highly significant and negatively correlated with T and T_(max) at the transplanting-maturity stage,andΔT at the panicle initiation-maturity stage,respectively.TheΔT of 5.1℃at the heading-milk ripening stage and theΔT of 7.0℃at the panicle initiation-maturity stage were the temperature indexes for obtaining ideal amino acid and fatty acid contents,respectively.Meteorological conditions had no significant effect on grain protein content,but on grain fat,starch,and straight-chain amylose content;fat and straight-chain amylose content decreased and starch content increased with delayed transplanting period.Overall,rice yield and nutritional quality were significantly and positively correlated with the T min of the heading-milk ripening stage.In the Sanjiang Plain,the suitable transplanting period for rice is when the temperature is stable over 13.0℃,and the date of transplanting is around May 19,and then the rice cultiv

关 键 词：Duncan多重极差检验 Friedman秩检验 产量 营养品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S16