清代西辽河地区自然灾害的时空变化特征  

The spatial-temporal change characteristics of natural disasters in the West Liaohe river areas during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王小丰 孙文丽 WANG Xiaofeng;SUN Wenli(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;School of History and Culture,Chi'feng University,Chifeng 024000,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081 [2]赤峰学院历史文化学院,赤峰024000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2025年第2期172-182,共11页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大项目(23VLS019);中央民族大学博士研究生自主科研项目(BZKY2023101)资助。

摘　　要：通过整理《中国三千年气象记录总集》《中国气象灾害大典》(内蒙古卷)等自然灾害史料汇编,提取了1644-1911a西辽河地区自然灾害的信息,利用分类统计法、小波分析法讨论清代西辽河地区自然灾害的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:1)自然灾害主要以昭乌达盟为中心,沿卓索图盟、哲里木盟向外辐射扩散,强度自西向东递减。各类自然灾害主要分布在高海拔较高的地段,其空间分布特征呈现显著的区域性、集聚性和分异性特征。2)清代西辽河地区自然灾害发生有3次周期变化,分别为8-16a、23-36a和40-70a。其中8-16a和23-36a的周期尺度具有局部性特征,40-70a的周期尺度具有全域性特征。3)受大陆性气候影响,西辽河地区年温差大,降水量少且集中。因此,该地区旱灾频繁发生,主要集中在夏季。The information of natural disasters during in 1644-1911 was collected by sorting out the natural disasters recorded in the historical books such as The Collection of Chinese Meteorological Records of Three Thousand Years and Encyclopedia of Meteorological Disasters in China-Inner Mongolia,and the spatial-temporal changes of natural disasters in areas of West Liaohe river in the Qing Dynasty were debated by means of statistical classification and wavelet analysis.The results show that:1)The occurrence of natural disasters mainly was characterized by taking Zhaowuda League as the center,and radiating and spreading outward along Zhuosotu League and Jirem League,with the intensity decreasing from west to east.All kinds of natural disasters were mainly distributed in high altitude,and their spatial distribution characteristics show significant regional,agglomerated and differentiated characteristics.2)The occurrence of natural disasters in the West Liaohe river region during the Qing Dynasty appeared three cycles,namely,8-16a,23-36a and 40-70a,of which the spatial scales in cycles of 8-16a and 23-36a were characterized by locality,and that of 40-70a was characterized by territory-wide characteristics.3)Influenced by the continental climate,the annual temperature difference in the region was large,coupled with low and concentrated precipitation.As a result,droughts occurred frequently in the region,mainly in summer.

关 键 词：自然灾害 时空变化 小波分析 清代 西辽河 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]