氮素调控对黑小麦产量、干物质积累及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on yield,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake and utilization of black wheat

作　　者：石桂枝 张瑞盈 冯若晗 周佳琪 许华森 薛澄 SHI Guizhi;ZHANG Ruiying;FENG Ruohan;ZHOU Jiaqi;XU Huasen;XUE Cheng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2025年第1期26-34,共9页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901005);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(236Z6402G);河北省青年拔尖人才项目(BJ2020026).

摘　　要：为研究不同施氮量对黑小麦产量、干物质积累及氮素吸收利用的影响,试验以黑小麦品种‘农大876’和‘冀紫439’为供试材料,于2021—2023年在田间设置不施氮和分别施氮120、180、240 kg N/hm^(2)处理,于各生长期测定产量要素及各器官含氮量。结果表明:增加施氮量提高黑小麦产量主要是由于提高了穗数和收获指数,但品种间存在差异。对于‘农大876’,施氮180 kg N/hm^(2)产量最高,与不施氮处理相比显著提高13.0%;‘冀紫439’施氮180 kg N/hm^(2)和240 kg N/hm^(2)产量与不施氮处理相比均提高48.8%。提高施氮量,有利于提高黑小麦地上部吸氮量和干物质积累量,但品种间存在显著差异。‘农大876’、‘冀紫439’于拔节期追肥后,地上部干物质积累量分别增加72.9%~128.4%、131.5%~215.2%,表明‘冀紫439’对氮肥的响应更为敏感。增施氮肥对氮素收获指数无显著影响,但均不利于提高两个黑小麦品种的氮素吸收效率、氮素利用效率、氮肥偏生产力。因此,在与本研究土壤环境一致的条件下,对于‘农大876’这类相对高杆且低养分需求的黑小麦品种,其最高产量推荐施氮量为199 kg N/hm^(2);而对于‘冀紫439’这类对氮肥响应更敏感的黑小麦品种,其最高产量推荐施氮量为211 kg N/hm^(2)。The aim was to explore the influence of varying nitrogen(N)application rates on the yield,dry matter accumulation,as well as N absorption and utilization of black wheat.In the current agricultural research study,a two-year extensive field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 using black wheat varieties‘Nongda 876’and‘Jizi 439’.Four N fertilization treatments differing in N application rates were conducted including N application at 0,120,180,240 kg N/hm^(2).The results showed that increasing N application rates enhanced the grain yield of black wheat mainly due to the increase of ear number and the harvest index.However,significant differences were found between varieties.For‘Nongda 876’,the highest grain yield was achieved when the N application rate was 180 kg N/hm^(2),which was significantly increased by 13.0%compared with no N application;for‘Jizi 439’,the grain yield at the N application rate of 180 kg N/hm^(2)and 240 kg N/hm^(2)was both increased by 48.8%compared with no N application.Moreover,increasing N application rate was beneficial in enhancing the aboveground N uptake and dry matter accumulation of black wheat,while there were significant differences between varieties.After topdressing during the jointing stage,the accumulation of dry matter in the aboveground part of‘Nongda 876’and‘Jizi 439’increased by 72.9%-128.4%and 131.5%-215.2%,respectively,indicating that‘Jizi 439’was more sensitive to N fertilizer.Although N harvest index was not affected by the elevation of N application rate,the N absorption efficiency,N utilization efficiency and partial N productivity of the two black wheat varieties all diminished with the rising of N application rate.Therefore,based on results from the present study,it could be speculated that the recommended N application rate for high grain yield should be 199 kg N/hm^(2);for wheat varieties having relatively high stalk and low nutrient demand,such as‘Nongda 876’,the recommended N application rate were 199 kg N/hm^(2),while for wh

关 键 词：黑小麦 施氮量 产量 干物质积累 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]