面向城市低空的多机型eVTOL安全间隔评估  

Safety interval evaluation for multi-aircraft eVTOL in urban low altitude

作　　者：王兴隆[1] 王友杰 WANG Xinglong;WANG Youjie(Key Laboratory of Internet of Aircraft in Civil Aviation,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学民航飞联网重点实验室,天津300300

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第1期268-283,共16页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(62173332);国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2133207);天津多元基金项目(21JCYBJCO0700);校级研究生创新创业项目(2023YJSKC03007);天津市教育委员会自然科学重点项目(2020ZD01)。

摘　　要：未来城市低空或将面对大量电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing,eVTOL)的运行需求,将存在空域利用率低、碰撞风险高等潜在问题,保障飞行器运行的安全和高效需要合适的安全间隔标准。研究了城市低空下多机型eVTOL的安全间隔,为复合翼型eVTOL建立了经典Event纵向、侧向和垂直碰撞模型,为多旋翼型eVTOL建立了基于圆台体碰撞盒的改进Event模型。按照eVTOL的有效载荷与载客数,将eVTOL划分为轻型、中型和重型,选取主流机型进行分类统计并计算碰撞盒尺寸,考虑定位误差、借鉴所需导航性能(RNP)概念计算参数纵向、侧向和垂直重叠概率,并考虑航向角分布、俯仰角限制、速度误差分布等,建立仿真环境来计算相对速度这一参数。最后根据建立的碰撞模型计算不同类型eVTOL的侧向、纵向和垂直安全间隔,将轻型、中型和重型的安全目标水平分别设置为10^(-7),10^(-8),10^(-9)次/飞行小时,最终得出不同类型eVTOL之间的最小间隔,其中轻型多旋翼、轻型复合翼、中型复合翼、重型复合翼之间的最小安全间隔分别是82、83、93、102 m。研究结果可以为eVTOL间隔标准制定提供参考。In the future,urban low altitude may face a large number of demands for operation of electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing(eVTOL),which will result in potential problems of low airspace utilization,high collision risk,etc.To ensure the safety and efficiency of aircraft operation,it is necessary to establish appropriate safety interval standards.To study the safety interval of multi-model eVTOL in urban low altitude,a classical Event longitudinal,lateral and verti⁃cal collision model is established for composite-wing eVTOL,and an improved Event model based on the frustum of the cone collision box is established for multi-rotor eVTOL.The eVTOLs are classified into three categories of light,medium and heavy types according to their payload and number of passengers.The mainstream models are selected for statistical analysis,and the collision box sizes of the models are calculated.Considering the positioning error,the longitudinal,lateral and vertical overlap probability of the aforementioned parameters is calculated using the concept of Required Navigation Performance(RNP).A simulation environment is established to calculate the parameter of rela⁃tive velocity,taking into account the distribution of heading angle,pitch angle limitation,and velocity error distribution.Finally,the lateral,longitudinal and vertical safety intervals of different types of eVTOLs are calculated according to the established collision model.The target level of safety of light,medium and heavy eVTOL are set to 10^(-7),10^(-8) and 10^(-9) times/flight hour,respectively.The minimum intervals between different types of eVTOL are finally derived.These intervals are determined to be 82,83,93,102 m,respectively,for light multi-rotor,light composite wings,me⁃dium composite wings,and heavy composite wings.The results of the study can provide a reference for the develop⁃ment of eVTOL interval standards.

关 键 词：航空运输 城市空中交通 电动垂直起降飞行器 安全间隔 碰撞风险模型 安全目标水平 

分 类 号：V355[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]