消失的批评家:对“负面批评”的一种考察  

The Gone Critic: A Study of “Negative Criticism”

作　　者：张浩[1] ZHANG Hao

机构地区：[1]中国美术学院视觉中国协同创新中心

出　　处：《哲学分析》2025年第1期30-44,196,197,共17页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：近年欧美关于艺术批评的现状有不少新的讨论。当下的艺术批评是否过于正面或不够批判?判断是否已被边缘化?艺术批评的目标究竟是什么?三位美国当代艺术批评家(拉斐尔·鲁宾斯坦、肖恩·塔托尔、本·戴维斯)陆续回应了这些问题,反思导致评价性艺术批评式微的原因,探究负面批评的核心价值与可能携带的副作用。为了重振艺术批评,鲁宾斯坦呼吁批评家回归价值判断,建立新的谱系;塔托尔鼓励强烈意见的发声,不回避进行负面批评,捍卫艺术品质,提升大众艺术消费的标准;戴维斯质疑塔托尔的绝对价值取向,主张在经过仔细辨别的审美相对主义基础上构建新的标准。广泛存在的判断才更接近真实状况,负面批评具有特殊的当下意义和力量,在艺术批评政治中需要被看见。身处多元主义的时代,作为行动主体的批评家必须重塑自身角色和社会功能,通过平衡策略和坚持独立精神,更精确地校准批评的使命。In recent years,there have been numerous new discussions about the current state of art criticism in Europe and the United States.Is current art criticism too positive or not critical enough?What exactly is the goal of art criticism?Three American contemporary art critics(Raphael Rubinstein,Sean Tatol and Ben Davis)have sequentially responded to these questions by reflecting on the reasons for the decline of evaluative art criticism and exploring both the core values and potential side effects of negative criticism.In order to revive art criticism,Rubinstein called for a return to value judgments and proposed establishing new genealogies;Tatol encouraged expressing strong opinions without shying away from negative criticism,defended artistic quality and elevated public standards for consuming art;Davis questioned Tatol’s absolute value orientation while advocating for constructing new standards based on carefully discerned aesthetic relativism.The widely existing judgment is closer to the actual situation,and negative criticism holds special significance and power,which needs to be seen in the politics of art criticism.In this era characterized by pluralism,the critic,as a subject of action,must reshape his or her role and social function,calibrating the mission of criticism more precisely by balancing strategies and upholding the spirit of independence.

关 键 词：艺术批评 负面批评 判断 现象学式的批评 

分 类 号：B83[哲学宗教—美学]