论反应性态度的恰当对象  

The Fittingness of Reactive Attitudes

作　　者：田洁[1] TIAN Jie

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2025年第1期116-127,198,199,共14页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：在近二十年间的道德责任讨论中,道德自然主义者试图从“反应性态度”一类的心理事实出发重新构建道德责任概念,力图从归责的心理态度和内在实践逻辑出发为自然主义路径中的责任概念提供规范性辩护。这一类辩护的成功与否和“反应性态度的恰当对象”密切相关。关于反应性态度的恰当对象可以作多种解读,自然主义的道德归责理论有必要在这些解读之间提取一种,来给出归责的规范性解释。然而,这些解读本身都面临着不同的挑战和质疑,会迫使我们大量修正甚至放弃关于道德责任规范性的重要直觉和价值承诺,这是所有从“反应性态度”出发的归责自然主义路径需要解决的问题。In the moral responsibility discourse spanning the past twenty years,proponents of moral naturalism have advocated for a reconstruction of the concept of moral responsibility using psychological elements like‘reactive attitudes.’Xiaofei’s book,Responsibility Ascribing and Norms,aligns with this approach and aims to offer a normative justification for the naturalist understanding of responsibility.It emphasizes the internal practical reasoning involved in the practice of ascribing,which is closely tied to the fittingness of‘reactive attitudes.’The notion of fittingness can be interpreted in multiple ways.It is necessary for Xiaofei’s theory to commit itself to one of possible readings.However,these possible readings would force Xiaofei to abandon some of his theoretical commitments concerning normativity of moral responsibility.

关 键 词：道德责任 反应性态度 恰当性 自然主义 规范性 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]