从现代语言学看孔子的言意观  

Confucius’View of Speech and Meaning from Modern Linguistics

作　　者：王薇[1] Wang Wei(College of Arts,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学文学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第11期39-44,共6页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：先秦时期,诸子学派对语言的很多方面都进行了深入思考,孔子亦不例外。从现代语言学视角来看,孔子首先肯定了语言的基本功能,认为语言在建立和谐仁爱社会中发挥着重要功用,这是其思想观念中言与意一致性及相符性的表现。其次,孔子对语言的运用提出了明确要求,这主要表现在四个方面:一是辞达而已矣;二是巧言乱德;三是文质彬彬;四是言行一致。再次,孔子还确立了言语交际的基本准则,这主要表现在三个方面:一是言辞审慎;二是态度谦恭;三是注重语境。最后,孔子已充分认识到语言作为交际工具的局限性,它在传达超验的形而上范畴思维时,往往会出现辞不达意的情况,他对此采取了一种“罕言”“不语”的回避态度。During the Pre-Qin period,various schools of thought conducted in-depth thinking on many aspects of language,and Confucius was no exception.From the perspective of modern linguistics,Confuciusfirst affirmed the basic function of language,believing that language plays an important role in establishing a harmonious and benevolent society,which is a manifestation of the consistency and correspondence between language and meaning in his ideological concepts.Secondly,Confucius put forward clear requirements for the use of language,which are mainly reflected in four aspects:one is to express oneself clearly;the second is that clever words can confuse virtue;the third is to be elegant in both appearance and essence;the fourth is to be consistent in words and deeds.Thirdly,Confucius also established the basic principles of verbal communication,which are mainly reflected in three aspects:one is to be cautious in speech;the second is to be modest in attitude;the third is to pay attention to the context.Finally,Confucius was fully aware of the limitations of language as a tool for communication.When conveying the transcendent metaphysical category of thought,it often occurs that the words do not express the meaning.He took an attitude of“rarely speaking”and“not speaking”to avoid it.

关 键 词：孔子 言意观 言可尽意 言不尽意 现代语言学 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]