不同添加剂组合对两伐桑枝青贮饲料发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Different Additive Combinations on Fermentation Quality and Microbial Diversity of Two-Cutting Mulberry Branch Silage

作　　者：王启芝 周清玲 周志扬 梁琪妹 刘征 陈薇 何仁春 黄光云 WANG Qizhi;ZHOU Qingling;ZHOU Zhiyang;LIANG Qimei;LIU Zheng;CHEN Wei;HE Renchun;HUANG Guangyun(Guangxi Agricultural Vocational and Technical University,Guangxi Nanning 530001,China;Guilin Jingcheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Guangxi Guilin 541001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业职业技术大学,广西南宁530001 [2]桂林精成生物科技有限公司,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第4期132-140,共9页Feed Industry

基　　金：广西农业职业技术大学科研项目[XKJ2369];国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系来宾综合试验站项目[CARS37];广西重点研发计划项目[桂科AB21196048]。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究不同添加剂组合对两伐桑枝青贮饲料发酵品质及微生物多样性的影响,为两伐桑枝饲料化开发利用提供一定的理论依据与数据支撑。将新鲜两伐桑枝粉碎至0.3 cm以下,自然青贮作为对照组(CK),试验组分别添加米曲霉+植物乳杆菌(T1组)、米曲霉+植物乳杆菌+糖蜜(T2组)、米曲霉+植物乳杆菌+糖蜜+纤维素酶(T3组)和饲用复合微生物制剂(T4组)进行青贮,每组3个重复。青贮45d后开封测定其营养成分、发酵品质及微生物多样性。结果显示:(1)与CK相比,T3组的粗蛋白(CP)和可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著提高(P<0.05);T1、T2、T3组酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著低于CK组和T4组(P<0.05),而T3组又显著低于T1、T2组(P<0.05);T3组多糖含量显著高于CK组和T4组(P<0.05)。(2)T1、T2、T3组pH显著低于CK组和T4组(P<0.05);T3组的氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)含量显著低于CK组(P<0.05);T1、T2组的乳酸(LA)含量显著高于CK组和T4组(P<0.05),T3组又显著高于T1、T2组(P<0.05),T1、T2、T3组均未检测到乙酸(AA)和丁酸(BA)。(3)Alpha多样性指数以饲用复合微生物制剂(T4组)物种数量最丰富,多样性水平高。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度以T1、T2、T3组显著高于CK组和T4组(P<0.05),T3组的厚壁菌门相对丰度最高(93.27%),CK组的相对丰度最低(11.81%);T1、T2、T3组的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度均显著低于CK组及T4组(P<0.05),CK组的变形菌门相对丰度最高(87.04%),T3组的相对丰度最低(4.17%)。CK组的植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus)相对丰度极低(0.85%),T1、T2、T3组以植物乳杆菌为主,相对丰度依次为88.19%、87.67%、90.52%,T3组的植物乳杆菌相对丰度显著高于T1、T2组(P<0.05)。综上可知,在添加米曲霉+植物乳杆菌的基础上添加糖蜜或糖蜜+纤维素酶均能改善两伐桑枝青贮饲料的发酵品质,同时引起微生物群落结构发生变化,减少有�The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different combinations of additives on the fermentation quality and micro-bial diversity of the silage feed of two-felled mul-berry branches,and provide certain theoretical basis and data support for the development and uti-lization of two-felled mulberry branch feed.The fresh two-felled mulberry branches were crushed to below 0.3 cm,and the natural silage was used as the control group(CK).The test groups T1,T2,T3,and T4 respectively added Aspergillus oryzae+Lactobacillus plantarum(T1),Aspergillus oryzae+Lactobacillus plantarum+molasses(T2),Aspergillus oryzae+Lactoba-cillus plantarum+molasses+cellulase(T3),and feed compound microbial preparation(T4)for silage,with three replicates for each group.After 45 days of silage,it was unsealed to measure its nutritional compo-nents,fermentation quality,and microbial diversity.The results show that:①compared with CK,the CP and WSC contents of the T3 group significantly increased(P<0.05);the ADL,ADF and NDF contents of the T1,T2 and T3 groups were significantly lower than those of the CK and T4 groups(P<0.05),while the T3 group was significantly lower than the T1 and T2 groups(P<0.05);the polysaccharide content of the T3 group was significantly higher than that of the CK and T4 groups(P<0.05).②The pH of the T1,T2,and T3 groups was significantly lower than that of the CK and T4 groups(P<0.05);the NH_(3)-N content of the T3 was significantly lower than that of the CK group(P<0.05);the LA content of the T1 and T2 groups was signifi-cantly higher than that of the CK and T4(P<0.05),and the T3 group was significantly higher than that of the T1 and T2 groups(P<0.05);both the T1,T2 and T3 groups did not detect AA and BA.③The Alpha diver-sity index has the most abundant species and a high level of diversity in the feed compound microbial prepa-ration(T4).The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the T1,T2,and T3 groups was significantly higher than that of the CK and T4(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Firmicutes

关 键 词：两伐桑枝 添加剂组合 青贮 发酵品质 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]