我国新育成小麦品种(系)籽粒不同部位铁含量及影响因素  

Iron Concentrations in Grain and Its Different Parts of Newly Developed Wheat Varieties(Lines)in China and Influencing Factors

作　　者：罗一诺 李艳霏 李文虎 张思琦 牟文燕 黄宁 孙蕊卿 丁玉兰 佘文婷 宋文斌 李小涵[1] 石美[1] 王朝辉[1,2] LUO YiNuo;LI YanFei;LI WenHu;ZHANG SiQi;MU WenYan;HUANG Ning;SUN RuiQing;DING YuLan;SHE WenTing;SONG WenBin;LI XiaoHan;SHI Mei;WANG ZhaoHui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistanceand High-Efficiency Production,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学/作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第3期416-430,I0001-I0003,共18页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200400)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确我国主要麦区新育成高产小麦品种(系)籽粒、面粉和麸皮铁含量,探究产量、产量构成、铁吸收分配和土壤因素对小麦籽粒及各部位铁含量的影响,为我国小麦铁营养强化提供依据。【方法】于2021—2022和2022—2023年2个小麦生长季,结合国家小麦产业技术体系在我国4个主要麦区17个省(市)布置的104个新育成小麦品种(系)田间多点试验,测定分析小麦籽粒、面粉和麸皮的铁含量,以及产量、产量构成、铁吸收分配、土壤理化性质和氮磷钾肥施用量,研究我国新育成小麦品种(系)籽粒不同部位铁含量及吸收分配和环境影响因素。【结果】我国主要麦区新育成高产小麦品种(系)籽粒、面粉和麸皮铁含量变异显著,分别为20.2—57.1、2.1—37.5和31.2—144.5 mg·kg^(-1),平均为34.6、10.8和72.8 mg·kg^(-1)。长江中下游麦区和西南麦区的小麦品种(系)籽粒及各部位铁含量高于黄淮南北麦区,面粉和麸皮铁含量均与籽粒铁含量呈正相关,籽粒铁含量每提高1.0 mg·kg^(-1),面粉铁含量则提高0.2—0.3 mg·kg^(-1),麸皮铁含量则提高1.9—2.3 mg·kg^(-1)。籽粒铁含量与产量、生物量和穗数呈负相关,产量每增加1.0 t·hm^(-2),籽粒铁含量则降低1.2 mg·kg^(-1);穗数每增加100×10^(4)/hm^(2),籽粒铁含量则降低0.3 mg·kg^(-1)。面粉铁含量与籽粒、茎叶、颖壳和麸皮铁吸收量呈负相关。籽粒中铁与锰、铜和锌协同。籽粒及各部位铁含量因地点而异,麦区间不同地点对籽粒铁含量变异的贡献为39%—70%。土壤pH、有效磷、铁和锰是影响小麦籽粒铁营养的主要环境因素,籽粒铁含量与土壤有效磷呈正相关,面粉铁含量与pH呈负相关,与土壤有效铁和锰呈正相关。【结论】我国新育成高产小麦品种(系)中存在高铁品种,在生产中稳定穗数,提高籽粒铁收获指数,调控土壤pH,提高土壤有效磷、铁和锰,合理施用氮磷等肥料,【Objective】The study aims to measure the iron(Fe)concentration in the grain,flour,and bran of newly developed high-yielding wheat varieties(lines)in major wheat production regions of China.It investigates the impact of yield,yield components,and soil factors on Fe absorption and distribution within the wheat,and determine the effects of these variables on Fe concentrations in its different parts.The objective is to provide a basis for grain Fe nutritional fortification in wheat.【Method】A study was conducted on 104 newly developed wheat varieties(lines)through multi-point trials across 17 provinces in major wheat production regions of China.The research analyzed Fe concentration in wheat grain,flour and bran,along with yield,yield components,Fe absorption and distribution,soil physicochemical properties,and fertilizer application rates during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 growing seasons,to study the Fe concentration in different parts of the grain of newly developed wheat varieties(lines)in China,as well as the absorption and distribution of Fe and environmental influencing factors.【Result】Significant variations for Fe concentrations were observed in the wheat grain,flour and bran among new varieties(lines)in the major wheat production regions of China,with the range of 20.2-57.1,2.1-37.5,and 31.2-144.5 mg·kg^(-1),and the average of 34.6,10.8,and 72.8 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Wheat varieties(lines)in the southern wheat regions exhibited higher Fe concentrations in grains and its different parts compared to that in the northern regions,and the Fe concentration in flour and bran showed a positive correlation with its in grain.For every 1.0 mg·kg^(-1) increase in grain Fe,flour saw a 0.2 to 0.3 mg·kg^(-1) rise,and bran experienced a 1.9 to 2.3 mg·kg^(-1) increase.The Fe concentration in grains was negatively correlated with yield,biomass,and spike number.With each 1.0 t·hm^(-2) increase in yield,there was a decrease of 1.2 mg·kg^(-1) in grain Fe concentration.For every 100×10^(4)/hm^(2) increase in

关 键 词：小麦 品种 面粉 铁 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]