陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机应用与适航符合性验证研究进展  

Research progress on application and airworthiness compliance validation of ceramicmatrix composites in aeroengines

作　　者：李龙彪[1] LI Longbiao(College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学民航学院,南京211106

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第1期54-87,共34页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

摘　　要：陶瓷基复合材料(Ceramic-matrix composites,CMCs)继承了陶瓷材料耐高温、抗腐蚀等优点,克服了陶瓷材料的脆性,相较于高温合金密度更低、高温持久强度更优、可设计性更强,是新一代航空发动机热结构的理想材料。欧美等发达国家自20世纪80年代,经过上百万小时的测试、考核与验证,已经证明CMCs代替高温合金的革命性改变已经到来。本文系统分析了CMCs多种制备工艺及物理/力学性能,CMCs在航空发动机燃烧室、涡轮、排气系统热端部件的结构设计、部件考核以及工程应用等,建立了CMCs制备工艺、材料性能、部件设计与工程应用之间的关联关系。从适航角度出发,给出了CMCs部件的适航认证要求、适航性设计及符合性验证方法等,并针对法国SAFRAN公司的CMCs混合器和中心体、美国GE公司的CMCs涡轮外环等进行了案例分析。Ceramic-matrix composites(CMCs)inherit the advantages of high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance,overcome the brittleness of monolithic ceramic,and possess lower density,better high-temperature durability strength and better designability compared with the superalloys,and are the ideal material for the new generation of aeroengine thermal structures.Since the 1980s,Europe and the United States and other developed countries after millions of hours of testing,assessment,and validation,has proved that revolutionary change as substituting a CMCs in place of a superalloy has come.This paper systematically analyzes different preparation processes and physical/mechanical properties of CMCs,the structural design,component assessment and engineering applications of CMCs in the hot-section components of aeroengines combustion chambers,turbines,and exhaust systems,and establishes the relationships between the CMCs preparation process,mechanical properties,component design and engineering applications.From the airworthiness point of view,the airworthiness certification requirements,airworthiness design and compliance validation methods of CMCs components are also given.Case studies were also conducted for the CMCs mixer and center body of SAFRAN(France)and the CMCs turbine shroud of GE(USA).

关 键 词：陶瓷基复合材料 航空发动机 燃烧室 涡轮 排气系统 适航 符合性验证 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]