作为方法论的生活:基层治理下中国社会工作自主知识的可行框架  

Life as Methodology:A Viable Framework for Autonomous Knowledge in Chinese Social Work under Grassroots Governance

作　　者：童敏[1] 周晓彤 TONG Min;ZHOU Xiao-tong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院

出　　处：《河北学刊》2025年第2期53-60,共8页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2023年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国式现代化与社会工作自主知识体系建构研究”(23ASH002)。

摘　　要：随着中国社会治理下沉到基层,社区日常生活逐渐进入社会工作视野内,特别是在中央社会工作部成立之后,社会工作作为基层治理创新实践的一支重要力量得到党和国家的认可。这样,社区生活秩序重建就成为中国社会工作专业实践的重要使命。通过回顾西方专业社会工作的发展历程可以发现,尽管1990年代之后西方专业社会工作在全球化运动和后现代主义思潮的推动下开始从关注人与环境的相互适应转向日常生活,并且把日常生活作为专业实践的焦点,但由于其秉持个人主义价值观,从而导致不是将人与环境对立起来,就是将专业实践知识神秘化,促使生活内涵出现碎片化和模糊化。对此,中国社会工作者需要站在方法论层面重新审视生活,走与西方专业社会工作不同的理论建构路径,将人与环境双向交互影响的生活整全性作为专业实践的基础,通过强调“情境中的人”的自主性激发居民参与基层治理的活力,让中国社会工作深耕于基层治理的生活实践之中,成为推进中国基层治理体系和治理能力现代化不可或缺的重要力量,建构中国社会工作自主的知识框架。As China’s social governance sinks to the grassroots level,the daily life of the community has gradually entered the vision of social work,especially after the establishment of Society Work Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee,which has been recognized by the Party and the State as an important force in the practice of grassroots governance innovation in China.In this way,the reconstruction of community life order has become an important mission for the professional practice of social work in China.Through reviewing the development process of Western professional social work,it is found that after the 1990s,Western professional social work began to shift from the mutual adaptation of person and environment to daily life,and took it as the focus of professional practice under the impetus of globalization and postmodernism.However,its adoption of individualistic values has led to either pitting people against their environment or mystifying knowledge of professional practices,contributing to the fragmentation and blurring of life connotation.In this regard,Chinese social workers need to re-examine life at the level of methodology,take a different theoretical construction path from that of Western professional social work,take the wholeness of life with two-way interaction between person and environment as the basis of professional practice,and stimulate the vitality of residents’participation in grassroots governance by emphasizing the autonomy of the“person in the situation,”so that Chinese social work can be deeply rooted in the practice of grassroots governance,become an indispensable and important force in promoting the modernization of China’s grassroots governance system and governance capacity,and construct the knowledge framework of China’s independence.

关 键 词：基层治理 社会工作 自主知识 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]