微生物检测新技术在肉品中的应用研究进展  

Application of New Microbial Detection Techniques in Meats:An Update

作　　者：熊颖涵 李重言 李若林 吴饶 周智威 孙宏虎 孙群[1,2] XIONG Yinghan;LI Chongyan;LI Ruolin;WU Rao;ZHOU Zhiwei;SUN Honghu;SUN Qun(College of Light Industry Science and Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China;College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China;Irradiation Preservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan,Chengdu Institute of Food Inspection,Chengdu 611135,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都610064 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,四川成都610064 [3]成都市食品检验研究院,辐照保藏四川省重点实验室,四川成都611135

出　　处：《肉类研究》2025年第2期46-54,I0018,共10页Meat Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32470009);国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1000603)。

摘　　要：肉类食品是全球消费者的重要蛋白质来源,但微生物引起的腐败不仅会导致经济损失,还可能引发食源性疾病。经典的微生物检测方法虽然操作简单,但存在检测时间长、灵敏度低等不足,难以满足现代食品安全保障的需求。近年来,随着肉品微生物检测新技术的应用,微生物检测在速度、灵敏度和特异性方面得到显著提升。本文综述培养法、免疫学方法、生化反应、聚合酶链式反应检测及荧光检测等经典检测方法的优势和不足,介绍高通量测序、数字聚合酶链式反应、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和高光谱等新技术的检测原理和技术优势,探讨其在未来食品安全检测中的应用前景,旨在为提高肉品安全的监测水平提供技术支持。Meat is a vital source of protein for consumers worldwide.Microbial spoilage not only leads to economic losses,but also may cause foodborne illnesses.Classical detection techniques are simple to operate but also have some drawbacks such as long detection time and low sensitivity,making them inadequate to meet the demands of modern food safety.With the application of new techniques,microbial detection has seen dramatic improvements in speed,sensitivity,and specificity.This review summaries the advantages and shortcomings of classical microbial detection methods,including culture,immunology,biochemical reaction,polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and fluorescence,and introduces the principles and advantages of new technologies such as high-throughput sequencing,digital PCR(dPCR),matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and hyperspectroscopy.Future prospects for their application in food safety testing are also explored,aiming to provide technical support for improving meat safety monitoring.

关 键 词：肉品微生物 食品安全 经典检测技术 微生物检测新技术 应用 

分 类 号：TS251.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]