基于纳什均衡的光-储耦合制氢系统优化控制方法  

Nash Equilibrium Based Optimal Control Method for Hydrogen Production System with Photovoltaic-Storage Coupling

作　　者：梁忠豪 王丽芳[1,2] 李建林 LIANG Zhonghao;WANG Lifang;LI Jianin(Key Laboratory of High Density Electromagnetic Power and Systems(Chinese Academy of Sciences),Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National User-Side Energy Storage Innovation Research and Development Center(North China University of Technology),Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]高密度电磁动力与系统重点实验室(中国科学院),中国科学院电工研究所,北京市100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京市100049 [3]国家能源用户侧储能创新研发中心(北方工业大学),北京市100144

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2025年第3期125-134,共10页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52277211)。

摘　　要：围绕光-储耦合制氢系统,文中提出一种基于纳什均衡的优化控制方法,对光伏出力、储能电池组充放电功率和混合电解槽输入功率进行调控分配。其中,选定储能电池组出力能力、混合电解槽功率波动率,以及光伏和售氢产生的经济效益之和作为3个博弈方,并设置博弈方对应支付函数,搭建优化控制模型。搭建了基于纳什均衡的光-储耦合制氢系统优化控制仿真模型,对所提控制方法进行仿真验证。仿真验证结果显示,所提策略不仅使光伏弃光率降到5%以下,而且优化了储能电池组的输出功率,使得储能电池组荷电状态维持在20%~90%之间,有效避免了过充过放。此外,在最大化利用光伏发电功率的基础上,优化混合电解槽的输入功率,使其最大化制氢。在光-储耦合制氢系统优化运行过程中,碱性电解槽/质子交换膜电解槽运行电压上、下波动均约为0.7%,母线电压上、下波动均约为0.2%,即所提策略在一定程度上提高了整个系统的运行性能。An optimal control method based on Nash equilibrium is proposed for hydrogen production systems with photovoltaicstorage coupling.The method regulates and distributes the output of photovoltaic,the charging/discharging power of the energy storage battery pack,and the input power of the hybrid electrolyzer.In the method,the output capacity of the energy storage battery pack,the power fluctuation rate of the hybrid electrolyzer and the sum of economic benefits generated by photovoltaic and hydrogen sales are selected as the three players.The corresponding payment functions of the players are then set up,and the optimal control model is built.In order to simulate and verify the proposed control method,a Nash equilibrium-based simulation model for the optimal control of hydrogen production systems with photovoltaic-storage coupling is established.Simulation results show that the proposed strategy not only reduces the abandonment rate of photovoltaic to less than 5%,but also optimizes the output power of the energy storage battery pack to maintain the range of the state of charge between 20%and 90%,effectively avoiding the overcharging and overdischarging.In addition,on the basis of maximizing the utilization of photovoltaic power generation,the input power of the hybrid electrolyzer is optimized to maximize hydrogen production.During the optimized operation of the hydrogen production system with photovoltaic-storage coupling,the operating voltage of the alkaline electrolyzer/proton exchange membrane electrolyzer fluctuates up and down by about 0.7%,and the bus voltage fluctuates up and down by about 0.2%,that is,the proposed strategy improves the operation performance of the whole system to a certain extent.

关 键 词：制氢 光-储耦合 碱性电解槽 质子交换膜电解槽 储能 博弈论 纳什均衡 优化控制 

分 类 号：TM9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]