论性侵未成年人案件中“明知”的证明  

Proof of Knowing in Cases of Sexual Assault on Minors

作　　者：步洋洋 卢银芳 Bu Yangyang;Lu Yinfang

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2025年第1期16-26,共11页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“我国刑法修正视野下证明责任制度研究”(项目编号:20BFX096)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：性侵未成年人案件中的“明知”具有不同于其他特定“明知”的独特价值。以实体与程序一体的视角进行解读,“明知”的内涵包括运用直接或间接证据证明的“明知”,以及运用刑事推定证明的“明知”。受制于性侵未成年人犯罪的案件特征及证据构造的特殊性,不同证明方式下的“明知”在实践中存在着诸多证明难题。立足《刑事诉讼法》再修改之契机,对此问题的研判分析不应囿于应然与实然的现存落差,而是应当适时确立最有利于未成年人原则和双向保护原则在涉未成年人专章的指导地位。在此基础上,借由明确刑事推定适用的“断后性”和合理划定“不明知”证明责任的两重路径,演绎归纳出此类案件“明知”证明的基本范式。"Knowing"in the case of Sexual Assault Crime on Minors has a unique value different from other specific knowing.From the perspective of substance and procedure,the connotation of"knowing"includes"knowing"proved by direct or circumstantial evidence and"knowing"proved by criminal presumption.Subject to the characteristics of the case of Sexual Assaulton Minors and the particularity of the evidence structure,there are many problems in the practice of"knowing"under different proof methods.Based on the opportunity of the revision of the Criminal Procedure Law,the research and analysis of this issue should not be limited to the existing gap between what should be and what is,but should timely establish the guiding position of the principle of the most favorable to minors and the principle of two-way protection in the special chapter on minors.By clarifying the"disconnection"of the application of criminal presumption and reasonably delineating the"ignorance"burden of proof,this paper deduces the basic paradigm of the"knowing"proof in such cases.

关 键 词：性侵未成年人案件 明知 刑事推定 证明责任 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]