民众对犯罪人态度的排斥转向:趋势、原因及对犯罪附随后果的反思  

The Exclusive Turn of Public Attitudes toward Ex-convicts:Trends,Causes and Reflections on Collateral Consequences

作　　者：盛嘉骏 Sheng Jiajun

机构地区：[1]清华大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2025年第1期76-92,共17页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“基于多维民众感知的涉舆型犯罪治理效能优化研究”(项目编号:24CFX098)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：改革开放后,民众对犯罪人的态度经历了一个排斥转向。排斥转向无法简单归因于犯罪变化,而是一系列社会变迁的结果:改革开放后媒体对犯罪的报道增多、自媒体兴起、人们浏览媒体的时间延长改变了人对犯罪的感知,使人高估了犯罪问题的严重性;市场化培育了一种个人主义的文化,犯罪的社会原因观被个体责任观取代,人们认为犯罪是犯罪人理性选择的结果,这些原因使人们对犯罪人变得更排斥。排斥转向是奠定在诸多误解的基础上的,暴力犯罪、贪污贿赂犯是极少数,犯罪不是理性选择,犯罪附随后果难以威慑犯罪,社会和犯罪人的关系不是零和博弈,保障被害人的权利和改善犯罪人的处境也不冲突。澄清这些误解有助于与民意沟通,为犯罪附随后果改革奠定基础。Since 1970s,public attitudes toward offenders have been through an exclusive turn.Crime rate change can not explain this exclusive turn,a series of social changes have led to this outcome.Increasing media coverage of crime,new media,and increasing media exposure have changed public perceptions of crime,making people overestimate its seriousness.Market transformation produces an individualistic culture,viewing crime as individual's own fault,not any of society,but his rational choice,thereby also enhances exclusion.The exclusive turn is based on six myths,most crimes are property crimes,most convicts commit property crimes,crime decision-making is not rational,deterrence is a lost cause,the society and convicts are not in a zero-sum game,and victim rights also do not conflict with convicts'well-being.Clarifying these myths can contribute to public communication,change public attitudes,and reform collateral consequences of conviction.

关 键 词：社会排斥 舆情 原因分析 犯罪附随后果 轻罪治理 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学] D917[政治法律—法学]