外源硒对“夏黑”葡萄果实硒含量与品质的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Selenium on Selenium Content and Quality of‘Summer Black’Grapes

作　　者：王梅 牛小沛 马朝喜 张月玲 李铭 刘星明 WANG Mei;NIU Xiaopei;MA Chaoxi;ZHANG Yueling;LI Ming;LIU Xingming(Jiyuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiyuan,Henan 459002)

机构地区：[1]济源市农业科学院,河南济源459002

出　　处：《北方园艺》2025年第4期68-75,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河南省“四优四化”科技支撑行动计划资助项目(SYSH20220402003,20230402003);济源市科技攻关资助项目(23021015,20021006,20021008);济源市园艺产业科技特派员服务资助项目。

摘　　要：以五年生“夏黑”葡萄为试材,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交实验方法,探讨外源硒喷施时期、剂量、频次等3个因素对果实硒含量与品质的影响,利用Topsis综合评价方法全面评估果实的品质,以期为富硒葡萄生产提供参考依据。结果表明:施用频次对“夏黑”葡萄果实中硒含量影响最大,其次是剂量与时期,以A3B3C2组合(果实膨大期+600 mg·(667m^(2))^(-1)+2次)对葡萄果实硒富集效果最佳,果实硒含量高达0.1030 mg·kg^(-1)。叶面施硒既可以提高“夏黑”葡萄果实中的单穗质量、单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C含量,又能降低可滴定酸含量。根据Topsis综合评价方法分析出9个处理对改善果实品质大小顺序为T9>T3>T5>T7>T2>T8>T4>T6>T1。综合分析认为,果实膨大期叶喷施600 mg·(667m^(2))^(-1)硒肥,且喷施2次处理效果最佳。生产示范结果表明,该方案在不同种植区域应用均能生产出优质富硒葡萄。Taking 5-year-old‘Summer Black’grapes as the test materials,L 9(34)orthogonal experimental method was applied to explore the effects of exogenous selenium spraying period,dosage and frequency on the selenium content and quality of the fruits,and to comprehensively assess the quality of the fruits by using the Topsis comprehensive evaluation method,in order to provide reference for selenium-enriched grape production.The results showed that the frequency of application had the greatest effect on the selenium content of‘Summer Black’grapes,followed by the dosage and period,and the combination of A3B3C2(fruit expansion+600 mg·(667m^(2))^(-1)+2 times)had the best selenium-enrichment effect on grapes,with the selenium content of the grapes as high as 0.1030 mg·kg^(-1).Foliar application of selenium could improve the single cluster weight,single fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,soluble solids,soluble sugar,vitamin C content of‘Summer Black’grape berries,but also reduce the content of titratable acid.According to the Topsis comprehensive evaluation method,nine treatments were analyzed to improve fruit quality in the order of T9>T3>T5>T7>T2>T8>T4>T6>T1.The comprehensive analysis concluded that the best effect was achieved by spraying 600 mg·(667m^(2))^(-1)selenium fertilizer on the leaves during the period of fruit expansion and spraying two treatments.The results of production demonstration showed that this program could produce high quality selenium-enriched grapes when applied in different planting areas.

关 键 词：外源硒 葡萄 果实 硒含量 品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]