全球南方视角下不结盟运动的起源与性质探究  

An Analysis of the Origin and Nature of the Non-Aligned Movement from the Perspective of the Global South

作　　者：孙启龙 Sun Qilong(Department of World History,School of Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学世界史系,长春130012

出　　处：《中国非洲学刊》2024年第4期30-52,141,142,共25页JOURNAL OF CHINA-AFRICA STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“世界历史进程中的国际体系研究”(项目批准号:23VLS031)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为一项国际政治运动,不结盟运动呼吁后殖民国家团结一致和反对殖民主义,强调构建国际政治经济新秩序,从而标志着非西方世界作为一个独立群体出现。西方研究者将不结盟运动视为诞生于冷战背景下的消极中立主义,这种认知源自未能超出冷战两极对峙的思维。“全球南方”这一概念和术语为我们重新评估不结盟运动的起源和性质提供了分析视角。通过关注后殖民国家对反殖民团结和作为一个群体在国际秩序中发声的呼吁,可以将不结盟运动的起源追溯至20世纪初的反殖民运动,其标志是1927年召开的布鲁塞尔会议。它在反殖民团结的基础上,首次提出被殖民国家政治独立与经济发展之间的关系;万隆会议深化了布鲁塞尔会议的反殖民团结并将其以国际规范的形式确立下来;贝尔格莱德会议在反殖民团结的基础上,将追求世界经济新秩序和远离冷战确立为第三世界国家的目标。因此,应该将不结盟运动视为非殖民化的一部分;对团结和作为一个群体的关注,也证明它超越了传统的中立主义。同时,通过这种纵向考察,也为理解全球南方的形成提供历史参考。As an international political movement,the Non-Aligned Movement called for unity and opposition to colonialism among post-colonial countries,emphasizing the construction of a new international political and economic order,thus marking the emergence of the non-Western world as an independent group.Western countries and researchers regard it as negative neutralism born in the Cold War background.ThisS1recognitionstems from a failure to move beyond the bipolar confrontation of the Cold War.The concept and term"Global South"provide an analytical perspective for us to reassess the origin and nature of the Non-Aligned Movement.By focusing on post-colonial calls for anti-colonial solidarity and a voice in the international order as a group,the origins of the Non-Aligned Movement can be traced back to the anti-colonial movement of the early 20th century,marked by the Brussels Conference of 1927.On the basis of anti-colonial solidarity,it proposed the relationship between political independence and economic development of the colonized countries for the first time.The Bandung Conference deepened the anti-colonial solidarity of the Brussels Conference and established it in the form of international norms;On the basis of anti-colonial solidarity,the Belgrade Conference established the pursuit of a new world economic order and a departure from the Cold War as the goals of the Third World countries.The Non-Aligned Movement should be seen as part of decolonization.The focus on unity and being a group also proved that the movement transcended traditional neutralism.In addition,this investigation provides a historical reference for understanding the formation of the"Global South".

关 键 词：不结盟运动 全球南方 布鲁塞尔会议 万隆会议 反殖民主义 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]