苏丹内战与人道主义危机:根源及影响  

Sudan's Civil War and Humanitarian Crisis:Roots and Impacts

作　　者：梁凯宁 Liang Kaining(Center for African Studies,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学非洲研究中心,上海200234

出　　处：《中国非洲学刊》2024年第4期107-120,144,145,共16页JOURNAL OF CHINA-AFRICA STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“泛非主义与非洲一体化历史文献整理与研究”(项目批准号23&ZD325)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在世界百年未有之大变局背景下,2023年苏丹内战迅速升级为严重的人道主义危机。这场冲突源于苏丹长期积累的族群、宗教及资源分配矛盾,并因外部势力争夺地缘影响而逐渐演变为代理人战争。内战导致大量平民伤亡和流离失所,粮食危机愈演愈烈,基础设施遭受严重破坏。此外,战争引发的难民潮和安全威胁对邻国及区域稳定产生深远影响,加剧了萨赫勒地区和非洲之角的动荡形势。尽管联合国、欧盟、非盟等国际组织积极提供援助与调解,但由于资源匮乏、外部干预复杂化以及冲突长期化,这些措施成效有限。本文从现状、根源及人道主义危机的具体表现入手,深入分析苏丹内战的复杂成因和发展态势,并系统评估国际社会在应对危机中的不足之处。在此基础上,提出以下建议:第一,强化国际人道主义援助力度,确保基本生存需求得以满足;第二,推动冲突各方面开展全面且具包容性的政治和解进程,为长远和平奠定基础;第三,加强区域安全合作,借助区域机制与国际力量的协调努力,共同维护该地区稳定与安全,以期为缓解当前危机、实现苏丹持久和平提供可行路径。In the backdrop of unprecedented global changes unseen in a century,the civil war in Sudan has rapidly intensified into a grave humanitarian crisis in 2023. This conflict originated from the long-standing ethnic, religious, and resource allocation conflicts in Sudan,and gradually evolved into a proxy war due to external forces vying for geopolitical influence. The civil war has led to a significant number of civilian casualties and displacements, further intensified the food crisis, and caused severe damage to infrastructure. In addition,the influx of refugees and security threats brought about by war have a profound impact on neighboring countries and regional stability,exacerbating the turmoil in the Sahel region and the Horn of Africa. Despite the assistance and mediation provided by the United Nations, the European Union, the African Union,and others,the effectiveness of these measures is limited due to resource scarcity,complex external interventions, and prolonged conflicts. This article analyzes the current situation, root causes, and the humanitarian crisis stemming from the Sudan's civil war, evaluates the shortcomings of the international community's response,and suggests measures such as increasing humanitarian support, promoting political unity,and strengthening regional security collaboration to offer a practical way out of the ongoing crisis and attain sustainable peace in Sudan.

关 键 词：苏丹内战 人道主义危机 地区安全 非洲之角 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]