相遇、溯源、“艺乘”与“哲学三问”——格洛托夫斯基的戏剧人类学探索  

Encounter,Tracing to the Source,Art as Vehicle and"Three Philosophical Questions":Jerzy Grotowski's Theatrical Anthropological Exploration

作　　者：汪余礼 Wang Yuli

机构地区：[1]武汉大学艺术学院

出　　处：《戏剧与影视评论》2024年第5期1-14,共14页Review of Theatre and Film

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“当代欧美戏剧理论前沿问题研究”(18ZD06)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：格洛托夫斯基在从事“质朴戏剧”探索期间,提出了颇具人类学色彩的“相遇”理论;其所谓“相遇”,主要指戏剧演出过程中相关各方活生生的交流关系,尤指演员们在舞台上通过对抗、斗争发现自身最内在的核心,并与对方形成某种共同体,其核心关注是认清“我是什么”。在“溯源戏剧”时期,格氏从“某人之子”追溯到“爬虫体”再追溯到“动即静”这个源头,对“我从哪里来”这个问题做出了颇具深度的探索。在“艺乘”时期,格氏带领门徒反复制作乘具,通过“艺乘”让人“重建灵性”“趋向神圣”“返归大化”,这是对“我到哪里去”这一问题的象征性解答。总之,格氏这三个时期的探索,分别着重探究“我是什么”“我从哪里来”“我到哪里去”这三个哲学上的终极问题,形成了一套独特的戏剧人类学思想,在今天仍然具有重要的启示意义。当人工智能可以帮助人类完成大部分生产活动时,人对自我身心的塑造与完善会日益显出其重要性;这时格氏的戏剧思想必然会引领人们朝着“人之谜”展开新的探索。Grotowski put forward the theory of"encounter"during his exploration of"poor theatre".This socalled"encounter"mainly refers to the communication relationship between relevant parties in the process of theatrical performance,especially the actors find their innermost core through confrontation and struggle on stage,and form a certain community with each other;which is related to the exploration of the question"what am I?".In the period of"Theatre of Sources",Grotowski has made a deep exploration of the question"Where did I come from".During the period of Art as Vehicle,Grotowski has taken his disciples repeatedly making the vehicle,to"rebuild spirituality","to approach the sacred",and"to integrate with the Great Harmony",which is a symbolic answer to the question"Where am I going?".In summary,Grotowski's exploration in these three periods focuses on the three ultimate philosophical questions of"Who am I?""Where did I come from?"and"Where am I going?",and forms a unique theatrical anthropology,which still has important enlightenment significance today.When AI can help human to complete most of the production activities,the shaping and perfecting of human body and mind will become increasingly important;At this time,Grotowski's dramatic thought will inevitably lead people to explore the mystery of human being.

关 键 词：格洛托夫斯基 戏剧人类学 相遇 溯源 “艺乘” 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]