孔子“以直报怨”思想再释  

A Reinterpretation of Confucius'Thought of"Resentment with Upright Dealing"

作　　者：莫医铭 Mo Yiming

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《理论界》2025年第2期1-5,共5页Theory Horizon

基　　金：北京建筑大学2023年度党建课题“党的二十大精神融入思想道德与法治课的实践路径研究”;2023年度中国建设教育协会“‘新工科’建设背景下建筑类高校德育建设的研究与实践”的研究成果

摘　　要：孔子“以直报怨”的思想,通常被理解为用公道来回报怨恨,要做到赏罚分明、公平正直,但也招致了两种质疑和批评:一为“直”义在维护亲情与公正间存在内在矛盾与紧张,二为“以直报怨”与“以德报怨”相比较对怨的消解程度有限。这需要进一步地阐发“以直报怨”,读懂孔子语境中“直”的多重含意,以及回归人的性情与修养层面去看待“以直报怨”的过程与作用。实际上“以直报怨”是一种用情理融合的直道对待怨的方式,既包含一种理智的态度,也包含温情脉脉的人道关怀,表现为一种以理性的精神、宽容的态度和公正的原则处理事务、对待过去的积怨的心理机制和行为方法。孔子“以直报怨”思想经后世儒家发展,对中国传统社会产生了重要影响,探究其含意及积极作用,对于今天消解怨愤、构建和谐社会有着借鉴意义。When discussing the concept of"resentment with upright dealing",many scholars regardit as a code of conduct for addressing grievances.This haslead to two types of questions and criticisms:one concerns inher-ent contradictions and tensions within the meaning of"upright"the other criticizes the limited scope of"resentment with upright dealing".In fact,the thought of"resentment with upright dealing"involves using an upright ap-proach that combines sense and reason to address resentment,embodying both rational attitude and humanitarian care.Confucius'concept of"resentment with upright dealing"has significantly influenced traditional Chinese society through thedevelopment of Confucianism in later generations and still holds relevance forforresolving grievances and building a harmonious society today.

关 键 词：以直报怨 儒家 中国传统伦理 

分 类 号：B82-02[哲学宗教—伦理学]