基于三维几何模型的铝合金车体结构自动化建模和仿真  

Automated Modeling and Simulation of Aluminum Alloy Carbody Structure Based on Three-dimensional Geometric Model

作　　者：于洋洋 谷理想 葛洪峰 张健[2] 高强[3] YU Yangyang;GU Lixiang;GE Hongfeng;ZHANG Jian;GAO Qiang(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive&Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;School of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;Department of Engineering Mechanics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]大连交通大学机车车辆工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [3]大连理工大学工程力学系,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2025年第1期109-117,共9页Rolling Stock

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB43012);山东省重大科技创新工程计划(2021ZDPT02);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(K2022J002)。

摘　　要：基于铝合金车体三维几何模型,通过自主开发的专业软件建立了铝合金车体结构的全参数几何信息解析和有限元网格自动生成技术,并实现了车体结构的刚度和模态自动快速仿真分析。基于STP格式的几何模型,自动识别和抓取出建立有限元模型所需要的所有几何信息,进而解析出车体的断面和各类梁柱型材,并自动提取出它们的二维截面形状信息。根据车体断面和梁柱的二维形状信息,自动提取了中线和厚度,并划分其有限元网格。将车体断面和梁柱的平面网格沿着特定方向拉伸,并根据它们之间的连接关系自动合并节点,从而生成整车结构的三维有限元网格,并实现了单元属性和材料参数数值、单元分组、载荷工况定义等功能,从而建立了整车结构的参数化有限元模型。通过与人工建立车体结构有限元模型的刚度和模态对比,验证了基于文章所提方法建立的参数化铝合金车体结构有限元模型的正确性。Based on the three-dimensional geometric model of aluminum alloy car body,the full-parameter geometric information analysis and automatic finite element mesh generation technology of the aluminum alloy carbody structure are established through self-developed professional software,and the stiffness and modal automatic and rapid simulation analysis of carbody structure are realized.Based on the geometric model of STP format,all the geometric information needed to establish the finite element model is automatically recognized and captured,and then the cross-section of the carbody and various beam and column profiles are analyzed,and their two-dimensional cross-section shape information is automatically extracted.According to the two-dimensional shape information of carbody section and beam and column,the center line and thickness are automatically extracted,and their finite element mesh is divided.The plane mesh of the carbody section and the beam and column is stretched along a specific direction,and the nodes are automatically merged according to the connection between them,so as to generate the three-dimensional finite element mesh of the vehicle structure,and realize the functions of element attributes and material parameters,element grouping and load condition definition,so as to establish the parametric finite element model of the vehicle structure.By comparing the stiffness and modal of the artificial finite element model of the car body structure,the correctness of the parametric finite element model of aluminum alloy carbody structure based on the proposed method is verified.

关 键 词：铝合金车体结构 几何模型 网格自动生成 刚度 模态 

分 类 号：U260.32[机械工程—车辆工程]