基于试验测试的某型地铁车辆一系钢簧失效原因分析  

Test-based Analysis on Failure Causes of Primary Suspension Steel Spring of a Certain Subway Vehicle

作　　者：杨陈 成军强 李龙涛 YANG Chen;CHENG Junqiang;LI Longtao(CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《铁道车辆》2025年第1期196-199,共4页Rolling Stock

摘　　要：针对某型地铁车辆一系钢簧发生失效现象,采用试验测试方法分析其失效原因。首先,对断口进行形貌测试,以判断钢簧失效形式;然后,对一系钢簧进行线路动应力实测、车轮不圆度、及模态测试以获取钢簧服役期间的响应、激励与结构特性。研究结果表明:钢簧失效方式属于疲劳失效;车辆运行80 km/h时,车轮9阶多边形产生的激励与钢簧垂弯模态发生共振,导致78 Hz的谐波应力幅值显著放大,这对钢簧疲劳损伤的贡献量最大,约为0.62,是钢簧断裂的主要原因。In view of the failure of the primary suspension steel spring of a certain type of subway vehicle,the failure cause is analyzed through tests.Firstly,the morphology test of the fracture surface is carried out to judge the failure mode of the steel spring.Then,the field dynamic test,wheel out-of-round and modal test are conducted on the primary suspension steel spring to obtain the response,excitation and structural characteristics.The results show that the failure of steel spring is caused by fatigue;when the vehicle runs at 80 km/h,the excitation generated by the 9th-order polygon of the wheel resonates with the vertical bending of the steel spring,resulting in a significant amplification of the harmonic stress amplitude of 78 Hz,which contributes the most to the damage to the steel spring,about 0.62,and it is the main cause of the steel spring rupture.

关 键 词：地铁车辆 一系钢簧 疲劳失效 动应力 试验测试 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]