育成期能量限饲及转换为自由采食调控开产时蛋鸡生殖器官发育的关键基因和信号通路研究  

Studies on Key Genes and Signaling Pathways of Regulation of Energy Restriction during Rearing and Conversion to Ad libitum on the Reproductive Organ Development of Hens at the Initiation of Laying Period

作　　者：卢建[1] 马猛[1] 郭军[1] 王星果[1] 窦套存[1] 胡玉萍[1] 王强[1] 李永峰 邵丹[1] 童海兵[1] 郭杰[2] 曲亮[1] LU Jian;MA Meng;GUO Jun;WANG Xingguo;DOU Taocun;HU Yuping;WANG Qiang;LI Yongfeng;SHAO Dan;TONG Haibing;GUO Jie;QU Liang(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences,Yangzhou 225125,China;Animal Husbandry Station of China,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省家禽科学研究所,扬州225125 [2]全国畜牧总站,北京100125

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2025年第2期737-754,共18页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]104);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-40-K01)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在基于转录组测序技术研究育成期(6~17周龄)能量限饲及转换为自由采食(18~20周龄)调控开产时(20周龄)蛋鸡生殖器官发育和激素水平的关键基因和信号通路。将720只6周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡。6~17周龄,试验鸡分别饲喂禽代谢能(ME)水平为12.34、11.11(90%)和9.87(80%)MJ·kg^(-1),其它营养素水平相同的试验饲粮,12.34 MJ·kg^(-1)组试验鸡自由采食(对照组),其它试验组蛋鸡按照对照组蛋鸡采食量定量饲喂,18~20周龄,各组试验鸡均饲喂相同营养水平试验饲粮自由采食。试验期6~20周龄。20周龄末,选取生殖器官发育和血液孕酮水平差异显著的对照组和80%ME摄入组试验鸡各4只,采集卵巢基质部进行RNA-seq分析,对差异表达基因进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG信号通路分析,并对测序结果进行qRT-PCR验证。结果表明:1)随育成期能量限饲强度增加,各试验组蛋鸡20周龄体重和体重变异系数(CV)均显著线性减少(P<0.001),6~20周龄平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均显著线性增加(P<0.001),平均日代谢能摄入量(ADMEI)和平均日增重(ADG)显著线性减少(P<0.001)。2)随育成期能量限饲强度增加,20周龄蛋鸡血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著线性增加(P=0.007),血清甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平以及肝组织总胆固醇(TC)和游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量均显著线性减小(P=0.045,P=0.029,P=0.024,P=0.003)。3)随育成期能量限饲强度增加,20周龄蛋鸡输卵管长度、长度体重比、重量和指数(P=0.012、0.016、0.042和0.045)、小黄卵泡的数量和指数(P=0.017和0.039)以及卵巢基质部重量和指数(P=0.046和0.047)均显著线性减少,血浆孕酮水平显著线性增加(P<0.001)。4)对20周龄自由采食组(ALF20W)和80%能量限饲组(ERF20W)蛋鸡卵巢基质部进行RNA-Seq分析,纯净序列匹配到鸡参考基因组的比例均超过了93.77%,Q20和Q30的纯净序列含量分别高于97The aim of this experiment was to investigate the key genes and signaling pathways of regulation of energy-restricted feeding during rearing and conversion to ad libitum on the reproductive organ development and hormone level of laying hens at the initiation of laying period using transcriptome sequencing technology.A total of 7206-week-old Hyline-Brown chicks were allocated equally to three groups with six replicates of 40 chicks each,and were fed one of three diets that were nutritionally equal with the exception of ME levels.From 6 to 17 weeks of age,the chicks in control group were given diet with 12.34 MJ·kg^(-1)ME,and fed ad libitum.The levels of ME in diet of chicks in the experimental groups were 90%[11.11(12.34×90%)MJ·kg^(-1)]and 80%[9.87(12.34×80%)MJ·kg^(-1)]of that in control group,and the daily amount of feed was restricted to the absolute quantity of the diet consumed by chicks in control group.From 18 to 20 weeks of age,all laying pullets were fed a basal diet ad libitum.At 20 weeks of age,four chicks in each of the ad libitum feeding group and 80%energy-restricted feeding group with significant differences(P<0.05)in reproductive organ development and plasma progesterone concentrations were selected to screen the novel mRNA implemented by the RNA-seq.The results showed as follows:1)The body weight and body weight CV of chicks at 20 weeks of age decreased linearly with increasing energy restriction(P<0.001),the ADFI and F/G(P<0.001)from 6 to 20 weeks of age increased linearly,while the ADMEI and ADG(P<0.001)decreased linearly with increasing the degree of energy restriction.2)A gradual increase in the degree of energy restriction resulted in a gradual increase in the serum UN(P=0.007),but a gradual decrease in serum TG and LDL(P=0.045,0.029),and in liver TC and NEFA(P=0.024,0.003).3)With the increase of energy restriction during rearing period,the length,ratio of length to body weight,weight and index of oviduct(P=0.012,0.016,0.042,0.045),the number and index of small yellow follicle(P=0.017,0.0

关 键 词：蛋鸡 育成期能量限饲 生殖器官 RNA-SEQ 卵巢 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]