清末循化厅的汉语汉字使用与中华文明统一性建构  

The Use of Chinese Characters in Xunhua Ting in the Late Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of the Uniformity of Chinese Civilization

作　　者：魏梓秋[1] WEI Zi-qiu

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第4期222-228,共7页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“共同历史记忆塑造与清朝的‘中国’认同建构研究”(批准号:22XJA850002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：语言文字统一对于国家一统至关重要。清末循化厅汉语汉字的使用范围日益扩大,工具功能和文化象征力均有显著增强,客观上有利于清朝通过文化统一巩固“大一统”封建王朝的权威性、加强地方管理和民族治理、促进西北边疆与内地的交往交流交融。从循化厅审判文书由“汉番合璧”到汉语汉字的功能地位提高,再到“汉字贵重”与中华文明统一性的建构,蕴含了国家意志、地方利益和民族诉求的趋同,反映了蒙藏等民族“归附王化”的国家认同意识的发展。汉语汉字的使用和普及既是边疆治理现实需要的反映,也是时代发展节点的产物,既是中华民族共同体意识的外在表征,也是中华文明具有突出的连续性的重要体现,清末循化厅个案为这一问题的论述提供了生动具体的历史细节,既能说明汉语汉字在民族地区的使用曲折不易,也清晰地揭示了中华民族通用语言文字普及的重要意义和历史趋势。The unification of language and script is crucial for the consolidation of a nation.The use of the Chinese characters in Xunhua Ting in the Late Qing Dynasty expanded significantly,enhancing both their functional role and cultural symbolism.This reflects the Qing Dynasty's strong desire to reinforce the authority of the"Great Unity"feudal empire through cultural unification,strengthen local administration and ethnic governance,and promote interaction and integration between the northwestern frontier and the inland regions.From the transition of judicial documents in Xunhua Ting from being"bilingual in Han and Fan"to the increased functional status of the Chinese characters,and further to the appreciation of"the importance of Chinese characters"and the construction of the uniformity of Chinese civilization,there is an underlying convergence of national will,local interests,and ethnic aspirations.This evolution illustrates the development of national identity consciousness among ethnic groups such as the Mongols and Xizang people,demonstrating their"submission to the imperial culture".The use and popularization of the Chinese characters was not only a reflection of the practical needs of frontier governance but also a product of the era's developmental milestones.They represent both the external manifestation of the consciousness of the Chinese national community and a significant demonstration of the continuous nature of Chinese civilization.The case of Xunhua Ting in the late Qing Dynasty provides vivid and specific historical details for discussing this issue,illustrating the challenges and complexities of using Chinese characters in ethnic regions.It also clearly reveals the importance and historical trend of using a common language and script within the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：清末循化厅 汉语汉字 中华文明统一性 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]