马克思资本权力批判思想及其当代启示  

Marx's Critique of Capital Power and Its Contemporary Revelation

作　　者：胡海波[1] 黄跃 HU Haibo;HUANG Yue

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学马克思主义学部

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学》2025年第1期115-123,200,共10页Marxist Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“马克思主义哲学与中国哲学的汇通研究”(项目编号:23&ZD009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：不同于政治权力,资本权力是内在于市民社会的权力形式。资本权力并非天然存在,而是在社会历史的演进中形成。随着交换关系的日益频繁和扩展,财富从支配劳动产品到支配劳动力本身,劳动力成为商品是货币权力上升为资本权力的关键一环。资本统治着商品生产过程使劳动绝对从属于资本,工场手工业时代,工场内部的分工导致工人片面化、畸形化,工人的个体劳动依附于庞大的分工体系。机器大工业时代,自动化的机器体系升格为生产过程的“主体”并成为镇压工人反抗的强大武器,科学为资本服务变成统治活劳动的异己权力。围绕分工、机器、科学建立起的现代工厂制度对工人进行极致地剥削,工厂被称作“温和的监狱”。资本将个人劳动社会化地组织起来,极大地促进了生产力的发展,与此同时,资本对活劳动的统治形式也变得愈加抽象。扬弃资本权力是共产主义的本质要求,智能化的机器体系将会是实现人的解放的重要物质力量。Unlike political power,capital power is an inherent form of influence within civil society.If the ultimate objective of capital is to generate surplus value,then capital power serves as the mechanism through which this goal is achieved.Capital power does not arise naturally but evolves over time as a result of historical and social developments.As exchange relations become more frequent and expansive,wealth has transitioned from controlling labor products to dominating labor power itself,transforming labor power into a commodity—a pivotal step in the transformation from monetary power to capital power.Capital exerts control over the production process,rendering labor subordinate to its dictates.In the era of workshops and handicraft industries,internal workshop divisions led to specialized yet limited worker roles,making individual labor dependent on the broader division of labor system.During the machine industry era,automated systems became central to the production process,serving as potent tools to suppress worker resistance.Science,when harnessed by capital,became an alienating force that governed living labor.The modern factory system,structured around division of labor,machinery,and scientific principles,exploited workers to an extreme degree,leading to factories being likened to“mild prisons”.While capital's organization of individual labor significantly advances productive forces,it also renders the form of capital's dominance over living labor increasingly abstract.The sublation of capital power is a fundamental requirement for communism,with intelligent machine systems playing a crucial role in achieving human liberation.

关 键 词：资本权力 雇佣劳动 分工 自动机器 科学 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]