中国老年人认知障碍检出情况及其与体力活动水平的关系——基于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据的横断面分析  

Detection of cognitive impairment and its relationship with physical activity levels in Chinese elderly:a cross-sectional analysis based on data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

作　　者：罗亮 李海伟[1] 罗京京 LUO Liang;LI Haiwei;LUO Jingjing(School of Physical Education,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China;School of Public Health,Shandong University,Jinan 250012,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学体育学院,太原030031 [2]山东大学公共卫生学院,济南250012

出　　处：《数理医药学杂志》2025年第2期90-97,共8页Journal of Mathematical Medicine

基　　金：山西省哲学社会科学年度一般课题(2020YY080)。

摘　　要：目的 分析我国老年人认知障碍检出情况及其与不同体力活动水平之间的关系。方法 选取2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)中的8 697名老年人作为研究对象,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨不同体力活动水平对老年人认知功能的影响。结果 我国老年人认知障碍检出率为41.6%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性[OR=1.43,95%CI(1.30~1.59)]、居住地在农村[OR=2.05,95%CI(1.82~2.32)]、无配偶[OR=1.28,95%CI(1.14~1.45)]、睡眠时间>8h[OR=1.68,95%CI(1.43~1.97)]、无社会交往[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.23~1.48)]、患有抑郁症[OR=1.97,95%CI(1.79~2.16)]的老年人患认知障碍的风险较高(P <0.001);受教育程度在中学及以上[OR=0.86,95%CI(0.74~0.99),P=0.034]、家庭支出高[OR=0.90,95%CI(0.86~0.94),P <0.001]、中体力活动水平[OR=0.77,95%CI(0.67~0.89),P <0.001]和高体力活动水平[OR=0.81,95%CI(0.72~0.92),P=0.001]的老年人患认知障碍的风险较低。结论 我国老年人认知障碍检出率较高,中、高水平的体力活动可能会降低老年人患认知障碍的风险。Objective To analyze the detection of cognitive impairment and its relationship with different levels of physical activity in Chinese elderly.Methods A total of 8697 elderly people from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)were selected as the research subjects.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the impact of physical activity levels on cognitive function of the elderly.Results The detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly was 41.6%.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that the elderly who were female[OR=1.43,95%CI(1.30-1.59)],lived in rural areas[OR=2.05,95%CI(1.82-2.32)],had no spouse[OR=1.28,95%CI(1.14-1.45)],sleep time>8 h[OR=1.68,95%CI(1.43-1.97)],had no social contact[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.23-1.48)],and suffered from depression[OR=1.97,95%CI(1.79-2.16)]had a higher risk of cognitive impairment(P<0.001).The elderly with an educational level of secondary school or higher[OR=0.86,95%CI(0.74-0.99),P=0.034],high household expenditure[OR=0.90,95%CI(0.86-0.94),P<0.001],and moderate physical activity level[OR=0.77,95%CI(0.67-0.89),P<0.001],high physical activity levels[OR=0.81,95%CI(0.72-0.92),P=0.001]had a lower risk of cognitive impairment.Conclusion The detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly was high.Moderate or high levels of physical activity may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

关 键 词：认知障碍 老年人 体力活动水平 中国健康与养老追踪调查 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]