乌梁素海和呼伦湖表层水体中农药的污染水平、来源分布及风险评估  

Pollution Levels,Distribution,Sources and Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Surface Water of the Wuliangsuhai Lake and Hulun Lake

作　　者：赵雯雯 杨慧婷 许诺 许妍[1] 金苗[2,3] 毛志刚 谷孝鸿[2] 陈辉辉[2] ZHAO Wenwen;YANG Huiting;XU Nuo;XU Yan;JIN Miao;MAO Zhigang;GU Xiaohong;CHEN Huihui(School of Civil Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学土木工程学院,南京210096 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京211135 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期95-108,共14页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32371718);内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项资金项目(2021CG0013);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2024ZY0007)。

摘　　要：为探究乌梁素海和呼伦湖水体中典型农药的污染水平、分布特征和生态风险,本研究利用超高效液相质谱联用仪对乌梁素海和呼伦湖表层水体样品中三大类(除草剂、杀虫剂和杀菌剂)共18种典型农药的浓度水平进行了检测分析。结果表明,乌梁素海表层水体中有16种目标农药被检出,总浓度为384.5 ng·L^(-1),其中阿特拉津含量最高,浓度范围为15.4~33.6 ng·L^(-1)。呼伦湖表层水体中检出8种目标农药,总浓度为22.5 ng·L^(-1),除草剂、杀虫剂和杀菌剂分别检出2种、2种和4种,浓度范围分别为未检出(not detected,N.D.)~1.7 ng·L^(-1)、N.D.~1.3 ng·L^(-1)和N.D.~1.1 ng·L^(-1)。主成分分析结果表明乌梁素海和呼伦湖中农药的来源不同,可能分别来自农业和畜牧业。风险评估结果显示乌梁素海中阿特拉津对藻类构成高风险,毒死蜱和多菌灵分别对无脊椎动物构成中高风险和中风险,毒死蜱对鱼类构成中风险。呼伦湖中阿特拉津对藻类构成中风险,毒死蜱对无脊椎动物构成中风险。To investigate the pollution levels,distribution characteristics,and ecological risks of typical pesticides in the surface water of Wuliangsuhai Lake and Hulun Lake,the concentrations of 18 typical pesticides from three categories(herbicides,insecticides,and fungicides)in the two lakes were detected and analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(UPLC MS/MS).Sixteen target pesticides were detected in the surface water of Wuliangsuhai Lake,with total concentration levels up to 384.5 ng·L^(-1);atrazine was the highest,with a concentration range of 15.4~33.6 ng·L^(-1).Eight target pesticides were detected in the surface water of Hulun Lake,with a total concentration of 22.5 ng·L^(-1).These included 2 herbicides,2 insecticides,and 4 fungicides,with concentration ranges of not detected(N.D.)~1.7 ng·L^(-1),N.D.~1.3 ng·L^(-1),and N.D.~1.1 ng·L^(-1),respectively.Agriculture and livestock might be the main sources of pesticides in the two lakes,respectively,according to the results of principal component analysis.The ecological risk assessment of pesticides in two lakes was performed using risk quotient(RQ).Atrazine posed a high risk to algae in Wuliangsuhai Lake,chlorpyrifos and carbendazim posed a medium-high risk and a medium risk to invertebrates,respectively,and chlorpyrifos posed a medium risk to fish.Atrazine and chlorpyrifos in Hulun Lake posed a medium risk to algae and invertebrates,respectively.

关 键 词：乌梁素海 呼伦湖 农药 污染特征 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]