长江十年禁捕初期石臼湖鱼类群落多样性及环境影响因子研究  

Fish Community Diversity and Environmental Drivers in Shijiu Lake during the Early Phase of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban on the Yangtze River

作　　者：曹乐乐 王银平 葛坤[2,3] 徐少远 刘凯 CAO Lele;WANG Yinping;GE Kun;XU Shaoyuan;LIU Kai(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,无锡214081 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期109-122,共14页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2023TD11);农业农村部财政专项“长江禁捕后常态化监测”;三峡工程运行安全综合监测系统、库区维护和管理基金(2136703)。

摘　　要：为掌握长江十年禁捕初期石臼湖鱼类群落多样性及关键环境影响因子,于2023年平水期(6月)、丰水期(8月)、枯水期(12月)在石臼湖开展了3次调查。调查期间共采集鉴定鱼类56种,隶属8目14科41属,其中鲤科鱼类物种数最多(38种),占比67.86%。石臼湖鱼类优势种为鳙、贝氏■、似鳊、鲢等4种,其中鳙为第一优势种。生态类型上,群落优势类群为定居性鱼类(78.57%)、杂食性鱼类(46.43%)、底层鱼类(35.71%)。石臼湖鱼类多样性指数不同水期间存在显著差异(P<0.05),枯水期多样性指数(H')与均匀度指数(J')最高,平水期最低;鱼类物种数不同水期间差异不显著(P>0.05),丰水期最多(47种),平水期最少(41种)。聚类(Cluster)与非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析结果表明,鱼类聚为入湖口、湖心区—湖汊区—沿岸带2个类群,群落结构存在显著差异(R=0.989,P<0.01)。冗余分析(RDA)显示,水位、水温、总氮和浊度是影响鱼类群落结构的关键环境因子。石臼湖禁捕后鱼类资源恢复效果明显,鱼类物种数较禁捕前(2017年)增加20种,多样性指数(H')从1.64提升至2.24。但总体来看,鱼类资源现状与历史记录相比仍有较大差距,需进一步巩固禁捕成效,加强执法监管,强化鱼类资源养护及栖息地生态修复等保护措施。本研究成果可为石臼湖鱼类资源养护、管理提供科学支撑,也为石臼湖禁捕效果评估提供基础数据。To understand the diversity of fish community and key environmental drivers in Shijiu Lake during the early phase of the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River,three surveys were conducted in 2023 during the normal season(June),wet season(August)and dry season(December).A total of 56 fish species were collected and identified,belonging to 8 orders,14 families,and 41 genera.Among these,the family Cyprinidae had the highest number of fish species(38 species),accounting for 67.86%.The dominant fish species in Shijiu Lake were Aristichthys nobilis,Hemiculter bleekeri,Pseudobrama simoni and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,with Aristichthys nobilis being the most predominant.The ecological types of the fish community were dominated by sedentary fishes(78.57%),omnivorous fishes(46.43%),and demersal fishes(35.71%).Fish diversity indices in Shijiu Lake exhibited significant differences across water periods(P<0.05),with the highest diversity index(H')and evenness index(J')observed during the dry season and the lowest during the normal season.However,the number of fish species did not show significant differences across water periods(P>0.05),with the wet season recording highest number of fish species(47)and the normal season the lowest(41).Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)revealed two main community clusters:the lake inlet and the lake center-tributary-littoral zone.Significant differences in the fish community structure were observed(R=0.989,P<0.01).Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that water level,water temperature,total nitrogen and turbidity were the key environmental factors influencing the fish community structure.Following the fishing ban in Shijiu Lake,the recovery of fish resources was evident.The number of fish species increased by 20 compared to pre-ban levels(in 2017),and the diversity index(H')increased from 1.64 to 2.24.Despite these improvements,the current status of fish resources still has a considerable gap compared with the historical records.Therefore,it is necessary to furt

关 键 词：长江十年禁捕 鱼类群落 环境影响因子 石臼湖 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]