基于隐孢子虫卵囊浓度的畜禽养殖水环境承载力估算  

Estimation on Water Environmental Bearing Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Farming Based on Cryptosporidium Oocysts

作　　者：楚天舒 戴子扬 陈晨晨 贺雪妮 赵智强 张起赫 蒲胜海 吴湘琳 马兴旺 汤树生[7] CHU Tianshu;DAI Ziyang;CHEN Chenchen;HE Xueni;ZHAO Zhiqiang;ZHANG Qihe;PU Shenghai;WU Xianglin;MA Xingwang;TANG Shusheng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry,Ministry of Natural Resources,National Research Center for Geoanalysis,Beijing 100037,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712199,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]国家地质实验测试中心自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室,北京100037 [3]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,杨凌712199 [4]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [5]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100193 [6]新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [7]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100193

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期140-147,共8页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室开放基金项目(ZSDHJJ202203);畜禽普通病监测及群体保健技术研发与应用(2023YFD1801105);“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCLJ0050);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2023005-1);农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(XBLZ-20225)。

摘　　要：针对水体生物污染防控与畜禽养殖业发展间的矛盾,以江苏省为研究区域,利用隐孢子虫的全球水源性病原体模型工具,进行基于隐孢子虫卵囊浓度的畜禽养殖水环境承载力的建模工作;并结合世界卫生组织给出的阈值,估算与评价江苏省地表水隐孢子虫卵囊浓度水平,仿真分析江苏省未来畜禽养殖业发展潜力。结果表明:2012—2021年江苏省地表水隐孢子虫卵囊浓度平均值为5.19×10^(-4)个·L^(-1),低于世界卫生组织给出的阈值(1.00×10^(-3)个·L^(-1)),蛋鸡和肉鸡是主要排放源。江苏省畜禽养殖现状未超过水环境承载力阈值,一定程度上,未来养殖总量可稳步提升,但仍需加强家禽的隐孢子虫病防控,尤其是降低蛋鸡和肉鸡的感染率。本研究可为江苏省种养结合与水体生物污染防控提供参考资料。To Address the inherent tension between water biological pollution prevention and the development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry,this study focused on Jiangsu Province as the research object.Using the Global Waterborne Pathogen Model for Cryptosporidium as the theoretical framework,this study aimed to establish a water environment bearing capacity model for livestock and poultry manure based on Cryptosporidium oocysts.This model was designed to assess and estimate the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface water within Jiangsu Province,with reference to thresholds set by the World Health Organization(WHO).A simulation analysis was conducted to assess the potential for future growth of livestock and poultry breeding in Jiangsu Province.The results showed that:From 2012 to 2021,the average concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in Jiangsu Province’s surface water was 5.19×10^(-4)individuals per liter,remaining below the WHO threshold(1.00×10^(-3)individuals·L^(-1)).Layers and broilers were identified as the main contributors to the oocysts pollutant load.The current situation of livestock and poultry breeding in Jiangsu Province had not exceeded the water environment bearing capacity,suggesting that future breeding capacity could be steadily increased.However,strengthening the prevention of cryptosporidiosis in poultry was essential,with a particular focus on reducing the infection rates in layers and broilers.This research provided a reference for the integration of planting and breeding,as well as for the prevention and control of water biological pollution in Jiangsu Province.

关 键 词：隐孢子虫病 水环境承载力 畜禽粪便 江苏省 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]