总石油烃中当量烷烃和多环芳烃组分的毒性风险及联合毒性效应  

Toxicological Risks and Combined Toxic Effects of Equivalent Alkanes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Components in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

作　　者：苟娜娜 刘泽梁 吴蔓莉 唐诗薇[1,2,3] 胡丝怡 于莹 柯思佳 GOU Nana;LIU Zeliang;WU Manli;TANG Shiwei;HU Siyi;YU Ying;KE Sijia(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering,Xi'an 710055,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource and Environment,Ministry of Education,Xi'an 710055,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境工程重点实验室,西安710055 [2]西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710055 [3]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期156-169,共14页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52070154,52470196);陕西省环境介质痕量污染物监测预警重点实验室开放基金(SHJKFJJ202301);陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-251)。

摘　　要：石油对土壤环境的污染和生态毒性问题亟待解决。总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)中烷烃(alkanes,Alks)和多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)组分的含量和致毒特性存在明显差异,2种烃类污染物在TPH中的毒性贡献及其联合毒性效应尚不明确。以蚕豆作为生态受体,对1000~50000 mg·kg^(-1)TPH中的当量Alks和PAHs组分进行为期14 d的毒性实验,通过测定当量组分烃对蚕豆个体水平(萌芽、根长、根物质量、侧根数、茎叶物质量、叶绿素含量)和遗传水平(根尖有丝分裂、染色体异常、细胞微核)的影响,探究不同浓度TPH中的当量Alks和PAHs的毒性效应及毒性风险贡献情况;利用混合毒性指数法(mixture toxicity index,MTI)计算Alks和PAHs组分的联合毒性效应。结果表明,组分烃在土壤中的生态毒性受到其“化学致毒特性-剂量”综合作用的影响。以蚕豆萌芽率作为毒性指示因子时,低于5000 mg·kg^(-1)TPH中的当量Alks组分毒性明显大于当量PAHs组分,而5000~50000 mg·kg^(-1)TPH中的当量PAHs组分的毒性明显大于当量Alks组分;以蚕豆根数作为毒性指示因子时,蚕豆生长初期(0~7 d),1000~50000 mg·kg^(-1)TPH中的当量PAHs表现出较强毒性,而蚕豆生长后期(7~14 d),二者毒性差异降低;遗传毒性测定结果显示,1000~50000 mg·kg^(-1)TPH中的当量PAHs组分毒性强于当量Alks组分。蚕豆个体水平上,当量Alks组分对蚕豆根数最敏锐,其毒性阈值为1120.6 mg·kg^(-1),对应TPH浓度为11672 mg·kg^(-1);当量PAHs组分对蚕豆萌芽率最敏锐,其毒性阈值为2.61 mg·kg^(-1),对应TPH浓度为15353 mg·kg^(-1)。蚕豆细胞和遗传水平上,以有丝分裂指数(MI)作为组分烃的毒性指示终点时,当量Alks和PAHs组分毒性阈值对应的TPH浓度均为45000 mg·kg^(-1)左右。MTI计算结果表明,1000~10000 mg·kg^(-1)TPH中的Alks和PAHs组分的联合毒性呈协同效应,20000~30000 mg·kg^(-1)TPH中的Alks和PAHs组分对不�The ecotoxicity of petroleum pollution in soil environment urgently needs to be addressed.The content and toxic characteristics of Alks and PAHs components in total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH)exhibited significant differences,and their toxic contributions and combined toxic effects in TPH are not clear.In this study,using Vicia faba as the ecological receptor,the toxic effects of equivalent Alks and PAHs components in TPH ranging from 1000 to 50000 mg·kg^(-1)were investigated.The impacts of equivalent hydrocarbon fractions on individual growth(germination rate,root length,root biomass,lateral root quantity,stem and leaf mass,chlorophyll content)and genetic levels(root tip mitosis,chromosomal aberration,micronucleus)of Vicia faba were assessed to explore the toxic effects and risk contributions in different TPH concentrations.The mixture toxicity index(MTI)method was used to calculate the combined toxic effects of Alks and PAHs components.Results indicated that the ecological toxicity of hydrocarbon components in TPH is influenced by their combined“chemical characteristics-dosage”interaction.As the germination rate of Vicia faba was used as a toxicity indicator,the toxic contribution of equivalent Alks components in TPH below 5000 mg·kg^(-1)was significantly higher than that of equivalent PAHs components;while the toxic contribution of PAHs components in TPH above 5000~50000 mg·kg^(-1)was significantly higher than that of equivalent Alks components.While using the root quantity as the toxicity indicator,during the early growth stage of Vicia faba(0~7 days),the equivalent PAHs in TPH ranging from 1000 to 50000 mg·kg^(-1)exhibited stronger toxicity,while there was no significant difference in toxicity between Alks and PAHs during the later growth periods(7~14 days).Genetic toxicity results showed that equivalent PAHs components in TPH ranging from 1000 to 50000 mg·kg^(-1)were more toxic than equivalent Alks components.At the individual level,the equivalent Alks component was the most sensitive to the root qu

关 键 词：土壤 总石油烃 Alks组分 PAHs组分 毒性贡献 联合毒性效应 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]