挥发性氯代烃类新污染物的环境特性、水平、行为与风险  

Environmental Characteristics,Levels,Behavior,and Risks of Emerging Volatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

作　　者：赵曦 蔡晓伟 黄舒琳 韦斯[2] ZHAO Xi;CAI Xiaowei;HUANG Shulin;Wei Si(Shenzhen Hanyu Environmental Science&Technology Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen 518001,China;School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市汉宇环境科技有限公司,深圳518001 [2]南京大学环境学院,南京210023

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期170-189,共20页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(22376092);国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3706601)。

摘　　要：根据国内外污染物管控清单和国内环境质量标准等文件,共筛选出24种挥发性氯代烃(VCHs)。这些VCHs的理化性质相近,饱和蒸气压均大于20 Pa(20℃)且微溶于水,主要用于溶剂、清洗剂、冷冻机和化工原料等。这24种VCHs中,有19种具有PMT或者vPvM特性,有22种具有高淋溶迁移性,有11种、12种和17种被列入国内的地表水、地下水和土壤环境质量标准,有13种属于危险废物鉴别标准中的判定指标。环境水平分析显示,大气环境中以二氯甲烷和氯甲烷等低氯代烃为主,三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯是地表水中VCHs特征污染物,土壤和地下水的检测结果来看,值得关注的VCHs包括三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、四氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯丙烷和1,1,2-三氯乙烷。风险评估结果显示,在呼吸吸入暴露途径,大气环境中非致癌风险值最高的VCHs为1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷和三氯甲烷,最大值分别为0.209、0.102和0.040;致癌风险值最高的VCHs为三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯丙烷和四氯化碳,最大值分别为2.76×10^(-5)、1.50×10^(-5)和3.72×10^(-5)。在饮水摄入暴露途径,地表水源中非致癌风险值最高的VCHs为三氯乙烯、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳,最大值分别为0.555、0.152和0.077;致癌风险值最高的VCHs为四氯化碳、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯,最大值分别为2.16×10^(-5)、1.27×10^(-5)和7.12×10^(-7)。对VCHs的风险管控提出了对策和建议。According to domestic and international pollutant control lists and domestic environmental quality standards,a total of 24 volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons(VCHs)were selected in this study.These VCHs share similar physical and chemical properties,including saturated vapor pressures greater than 20 Pa(20℃)and low water solubility.They are mainly used as solvents,cleaning agents,refrigerants,and chemical intermediates.Among these VCHs,19 exhibit PMT(persistent,mobile,toxic)or vPvM(very persistent,very mobile)characteristics,22 show high leachability,and 11,12,and 17 are regulated under domestic surface water,groundwater,and soil environmental quality standards,respectively.Additionally,13 are listed in the hazardous waste identification standards.Environmental monitoring reveals that low chlorinated hydrocarbons,such as dichloromethane and monochloromethane,dominate atmospheric VCHs,whereas trichloromethane,tetrachloromethane,trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene are prominent in surface water.In soil and groundwater,key VCHs of concern include trichloromethane,dichloromethane,tetrachloromethane,1,2-dichloroethane,trichloroethene,1,2-dichloropropane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane.Risk assessments indicate that,for inhalation exposure,1,2-dichloroethane,1,2-dichloropropane,and trichloromethane in the atmosphere pose the highest non-carcinogenic risks,with maximum values of 0.209,0.102,and 0.040,respectively;the highest carcinogenic risks stem from trichloromethane,1,2-dichloropropane,and tetrachloromethane,with maximum values of 2.76×10^(-5),1.50×10^(-5),and 3.72×10^(-5),respectively.For drinking water exposure,trichloroethene,trichloromethane,and tetrachloromethane in surface water present the highest non-carcinogenic risks,with maximum values of 0.555,0.152,and 0.077,respectively;the highest carcinogenic risks are associated with tetrachloromethane,trichloroethene,and tetrachloroethene,with maximum values of 2.16×10^(-5),1.27×10^(-5),and 7.12×10^(-7),respectively.This study provides targeted recommendations to

关 键 词：挥发性氯代烃 新污染物 环境特性 环境水平 环境行为 风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]