基于氨排放的畜禽养殖大气环境承载力估算  

Estimation on Atmospheric Environmental Bearing Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Farming Based on Ammonia Emissions

作　　者：楚天舒 贺雪妮 张海星 赵智强 邓仕婕 孙嘉棋 张起赫 汤树生[6] CHU Tianshu;HE Xueni;ZHANG Haixing;ZHAO Zhiqiang;DENG Shijie;SUN Jiaqi;ZHANG Qihe;TANG Shusheng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry,Ministry of Natural Resources,National Research Center for Geoanalysis,Beijing 100037,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Chemical and Material Engineering,Quzhou University,Quzhou 324000,China;College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]国家地质实验测试中心自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室,北京100037 [3]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [4]衢州学院化学与材料工程学院,衢州324000 [5]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100193 [6]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100193

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期190-197,共8页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室开放基金项目(ZSDHJJ202203);畜禽普通病监测及群体保健技术研发与应用(2023YFD1801105)。

摘　　要：为解决大气氨污染防控与畜禽养殖业发展的矛盾,本研究以京津冀地区的种养生产系统为研究对象,构建畜禽养殖大气环境承载力的估算方法,核算了该地区种养业氨排放强度;在设定大气氨减排目标的基础上,运用情景分析法评估了该地区畜禽养殖增量。结果表明:(1)2011—2020年期间,京津冀地区种养业氨排放强度呈现“增长—下降—增长”趋势,2021年达到了33.8 kg·hm^(-2),其中粪便管理和粪肥施用的氨排放分别占总排放的50.4%和42.9%。(2)在“技术换取养殖量”情景中,通过使用低蛋白饲料配方等技术降低粪肥氮质量分数,京津冀地区的畜禽养殖增量达到1726.9~6907.5万头猪当量;通过应用肥水注射等技术降低粪肥排放系数,畜禽养殖增量为793.6~3174.4万头猪当量。在综合运用6类技术以实现氨减排达标的情景中,当氨减排达5.0%时,该地区畜禽养殖增量高达3141.5万头猪当量。研究表明,随着种养业氨减排技术的推广实施,京津冀地区的畜禽养殖业将展现出良好的发展潜力。本研究可为区域种养结合与大气氨污染防治提供参考。This research addresses the conflict between controlling atmospheric ammonia pollution and developing the livestock and poultry farming industry.Using the planting and breeding production system of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as the research focus,it constructed a method to estimate the atmospheric bearing capacity of livestock and poultry farming and calculated ammonia emission intensity for the region’s planting and breeding husbandry.With set targets for atmospheric ammonia reduction,scenario analysis was employed to assess the increment for regional livestock and poultry farming.Key findings included:(1)From 2011 to 2020,ammonia emission intensity in the planting and breeding husbandry of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region followed an“increase-decline-increase”trend,reaching 33.8 kg·hm^(-2)in 2021,with manure management and application accounting for 50.4%and 42.9%of total emissions,respectively.(2)In the“Technology for Breeding Capacity”scenario,increment in livestock and poultry farming capacity enabled by using low-protein feed formulations to reduce manure nitrogen mass fraction ranged from 17.269 to 69.075 million pig equivalents.In scenarios applying fertilizer injection technology to reduce manure emissions,the increment ranged from 7.936 to 31.744 million pig equivalents.When combining six types of technologies to achieve targeted ammonia emission reductions,the region’s increment in livestock and poultry farming reached 31.415 million pig equivalents with a 5.0%reduction in ammonia emissions.These findings highlighted that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region held significant future potential for livestock and poultry farming with the implementation of ammonia reduction technologies.This research provided valuable reference material for integrating regional planting and breeding systems and advancing atmospheric environmental protection.

关 键 词：氨排放 大气环境承载力 减排技术 畜禽养殖 京津冀地区 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]