新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标水生动物的毒性作用研究进展  

Research Progress on the Toxicological Effects of Neonicotinoid Pesticides on Non-Target Aquatic Animals

作　　者：刘佳涵 张秀霞[1] 张泽龙 郑佩华 李军涛[1] 冼健安[1] 鲁耀鹏 LIU Jiahan;ZHANG Xiuxia;ZHANG Zelong;ZHENG Peihua;LI Juntao;XIAN Jianan;LU Yaopeng(Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南省海洋生物资源功能性成分研究与利用重点实验室,海口571101

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期238-252,共15页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金资助项目(324QN353);海南省自然科学基金资助项目(324MS094);中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202416)。

摘　　要：新烟碱类杀虫剂是一类新型污染物,其在水环境中的残留和生态毒性是水产养殖前沿研究的热点和难点之一。新烟碱类杀虫剂在环境中具有持久性,有很高的浸出和径流潜力,可通过多种途径进入水生态系统,从而影响水生生物的生存。然而,目前关于水环境中新烟碱类杀虫剂的分布以及其对非靶标水生动物的生态毒性研究尚处于起步阶段。本文综述了现有文献,系统论述了新烟碱类杀虫剂的分类、污染分布和物理特点,综合梳理了新烟碱类杀虫剂对非靶标水生动物行为、生长发育、组织结构、免疫功能和分子调控机制的影响。在此基础上提出了当前研究存在的问题和不足,并对未来的研究方向做出评述和展望,旨在为今后水环境中新烟碱类杀虫剂的生态毒性和防控研究提供参考。Neonicotinoid pesticides are a new type of pollutants,and their residues and ecotoxicity in water environment are one of the hot and difficult research points in the study of aquaculture.Neonicotinoid pesticides are persistent in the environment,have high leaching and runoff potentials,and can enter the aquatic ecosystem through various pathways,thereby affecting the survival of aquatic organisms.However,studies on the distribution of neonicotinoid pesticides in the aquatic environment and their ecotoxicity to non-target aquatic animals are still in the beginning stage.In this paper,we reviewed the existing references,systematically discussed the classification,pollution distribution and physical characteristics of neonicotinoid pesticides,and comprehensively summarized the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on the behaviour,growth and development,tissue structure,immune function and molecular regulatory mechanisms of non-target aquatic animals.On this basis,the problems and deficiencies of the current studies were put forward,and the future research directions were reviewed and proposed,aiming to provide reference for future research on the ecotoxicity,prevention and control of neonicotinoid pesticides in the aquatic environment.

关 键 词：新烟碱类 非靶标水生动物 毒性作用 生长 免疫 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]