微/纳米塑料对农作物的毒性效应研究进展  

Research Progress on the Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Micro/nanoplastics on Crops

作　　者：姜丽思 刘子瑞 姜美琪 夏丝雨 刘佳滢 杨洋雯迪 李文远 JIANG Lisi;LIU Zirui;JIANG Meiqi;XIA Siyu;LIU Jiaying;YANG Yangwendi;LI Wenyuan(College of Life Sciences,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,沈阳110034

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期265-279,共15页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42307186);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2023-BS-151);辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(LJ202410166041);沈阳师范大学人才引进博士启动项目(BS202212)。

摘　　要：塑料作为一种多功能型便捷材料被广泛应用于工农业等领域,为人类生活带来了极大的便利。在现代农业生产中,塑料具有多方面的应用,但与此同时,不完善的塑料回收与处理机制也对环境造成了塑料污染。不同尺寸的塑料包括纳米塑料(nanoplastics,NPs)、微塑料(microplastics,MPs)等在土壤中残留会对农作物产生毒性作用,导致农作物产量下降或影响其质量。基于此,本综述从塑料的分类及来源、微/纳米塑料对农作物影响的研究现状、微/纳米塑料对农作物产生的间接影响以及缓解策略4个方面展开,目的在于总结塑料对农作物的毒性作用机制,包括抑制农作物生物量积累,诱导氧化应激、光合作用的中断,干扰水和营养成分的吸收,抑制种子萌发并产生细胞和遗传毒性、影响土壤及土壤微生物进而间接影响农作物生理生长等以及相关缓解策略包括生物炭、植物激素、微生物及其他途径的研究现状,并从深入研究微/纳米塑料的老化与自然环境状态、关注作物种类差异、加强复合污染效应研究及探索农作物修复技术等方面进行展望,这将有助于更好地保护生态系统安全和人类健康。As a versatile and convenient material,plastics are extensively utilized in industrial and agricultural sectors,providing significant convenience to human life.In modern agricultural production,plastics find numerous applications;however,inadequate mechanisms for plastic recycling and treatment have resulted in environmental pollution caused by residues of various sizes including nanoplastics(NPs)and microplastics(MPs)present in the soil.These residues can exert toxic effects on crops,leading to reduced crop yields or compromised quality.Therefore,this review focuses on classifying and identifying the sources of plastics while exploring the current research status regarding the impact of micro/nano plastics on crops as well as their indirect effects.Additionally,it discusses mitigation strategies aimed at summarizing the toxic mechanisms of plastics on crops such as inhibiting crop biomass accumulation,inducing oxidative stress,and disrupting photosynthesis processes.Furthermore,it examines how these mechanisms interfere with water and nutrient absorption while inhibiting seed germination through cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects.The review also investigates how they affect soil properties along with soil microorganisms which indirectly influence crop physiological growth.Finally,relevant mitigation strategies including biochar utilization,application of plant hormones,and leveraging microorganisms are discussed alongside other potential pathways for effectively addressing this issue.Moreover,the study emphasizes conducting comprehensive investigations into aging of micro/nano plastics under natural environmental conditions while considering variations among different types of crops.It also highlights the need for comprehensive research on combined pollution effects as well as exploring restoration technologies for crops.This approach will contribute towards safeguarding ecosystem security and human health.

关 键 词：MPS NPS 农作物 毒性机制 缓解策略 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]