广州市城市公园绿地土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils of Urban Parks in Guangzhou

作　　者：蔡莎 陈德翼 潘俊 罗豪杰 丁平 李歆 党垚 张六一 胡国成 CAI Sha;CHEN Deyi;PAN Jun;LUO Haojie;DING Ping;LI Xin;DANG Yao;ZHANG Liuyi;HU Guocheng(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing 404130,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Guangzhou 510655,China;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Product Quality Inspection Research Institute,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院,重庆404130 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,生态环境部环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室,广州510655 [3]广西壮族自治区产品质量检验研究院,南宁530004

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2025年第1期344-355,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3902102)。

摘　　要：为了解广州市不同类型城市公园绿地土壤中重金属污染特征、健康风险水平及污染来源,本研究于广州市24个不同类型城市公园采集118个土壤样品,采用地积累指数法分析公园土壤中重金属污染程度,利用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型进行健康风险评价;运用主成分分析(PCA)和绝对主成分分析-多元线性回归法(APCS-MLR)解析公园土壤中重金属污染来源。结果表明:儿童公园绿地土壤的Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn、Mn、Ni、Cu、V、Mo、Sb、Co、Ti含量平均值分别为45.91、0.12、30.84、85.53、302.60、10.50、40.90、61.26、5.94、2.76、0.58和458.18 mg·kg^(-1);其他公园的相应重金属的含量平均值分别为56.02、0.19、28.83、70.51、263.72、9.06、41.68、61.02、5.63、2.74、0.45和320.27 mg·kg^(-1)。儿童公园土壤中Mo、Sb、Cu、Zn,其他公园土壤中Pb、Cu、Mo、Sb和Cd均超过广州市土壤背景值。地累积指数结果显示儿童公园中的Sb和Mo为偏中度污染,其余元素整体上为无-轻度污染;其他公园的中的Mo、Sb、Cd、Cu、V和Zn处于偏中度污染水平,其余重金属整体上为无-轻度污染。APCS-MLR模型提取了4种污染源及其贡献率,生活、交通和农业混合源贡献率为31.81%,主要贡献重金属包括Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn,工业源贡献率为31.97%,主要贡献重金属包括Cr、Mo、Sb和V,母质源贡献率为17.23%,主要贡献重金属包括Co、Mn和Ti。广州市儿童公园和其他公园绿地土壤中重金属对儿童和成人产生的非致癌健康风险水平均在可接受范围内。以污染源为导向的非致癌健康风险评估表明,4种污染源对成人和儿童造成的非致癌健康风险水平均在可接受范围内。本研究结果可为城市公园土壤环境风险管控提供理论依据。To assess the pollution characteristics and the health risk,and identify the sources of heavy metals in soils of different types of urban parks in Guangzhou,118 soil samples were collected from 24 urban parks in Guangzhou from June to July 2023.Heavy metals pollution in different types of soils was investigated using geo-accumulation index methods,and the associated health risk was assessed using the US EPA model.Principal component analysis(PCA)and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression model(APCS-MLR)were used to identify the sources of heavy metals.Our results indicated that the average concentrations of Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn,Mn,Ni,Cu,V,Mo,Sb,Co,and Ti were respectively 45.91,0.12,30.84,85.53,302.60,10.50,40.90,61.26,5.94,2.76,0.58,and 458.18 mg·kg^(-1)in the surface soil of children’s parks,while the concentrations in other urban parks were 56.02,0.19,28.83,70.51,263.72,9.06,41.68,61.02,5.63,2.74,0.45,and 320.27 mg·kg^(-1).The concentrations of Mo,Sb,Cu,and Zn in the soil of children’s parks,and Pb,Cu,Mo,Sb,and Cd in other urban parks,exceeded the soil background values of this city.The geo-accumulation index indicated that the pollution levels of Sb and Mo in children’s parks were moderate,while mild for other elements.In other parks,Mo,Sb,Cd,Cu,V,and Zn showed moderate pollution levels,while unpolluted to mildly polluted levels for other elements.Four sources of heavy metal contaminations were identified using APCS-MLR.The mixed domestic/traffic sources accounted for 31.81%with Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb,and Zn as the dominant elements,31.97%for industrial sources with Cr,Mo,Sb,and V,17.23%for natural sources with Co,Mn and Ti,and 18.98%for unknown sources.The non-carcinogenic health risk indices for heavy metals in all the samples were within the acceptable range for both children and adults.Similarly,source-oriented non-carcinogenic health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic health risk levels for both adults and children from the four sources were within permissible limits.These outcom

关 键 词：重金属 污染特征 健康风险评价 来源解析 公园土壤 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]