黄芪甲苷干预的神经干细胞外泌体通过抑制经典细胞焦亡途径减轻缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑损伤  

Astragaloside IV-pretreated neural stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate brain injury in ischemic stroke rats by inhibiting classical pyroptosis pathway

作　　者：左春月 李猛 靳晓飞 张天赐 陈笑寒 杨少泽 郑天刚 高维娟 周晓红 ZUO Chunyue;LI Meng;JING Xiaofei;ZHANG Tianci;CHEN Xiaohan;YANG Shaoze;ZHENG Tiangang;GAO Weijuan;ZHOU Xiaohong(Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research on Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases,Shijiazhuang 050091,China)

机构地区：[1]河北中医药大学,河北省心脑血管病中医药防治研究重点实验室,河北石家庄050091

出　　处：《中国病理生理杂志》2025年第2期277-286,共10页Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(No.206Z7706G);校级燕赵医学项目(No.YZZZ2023009)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨黄芪甲苷(ASIV)预处理的神经干细胞外泌体(EXOs)通过抑制经典细胞焦亡途径减轻缺血性脑卒中大鼠脑损伤的机制。方法:取出生24 h内胎鼠,提取神经干细胞并鉴定,培养3 d后加入ASIV继续培养5 d,收集细胞上清超速离心后获取纯神经干细胞EXOs及ASIV预处理的神经干细胞EXOs(ASIV-EXOs)。通过Western blot法检测EXOs特异性标志物四次跨膜蛋白CD63、肿瘤易感基因101(TSG101)及阴性指标calnexin的表达,并采用纳米颗粒跟踪分析检测粒径大小、电子显微镜下观察形态的方法对EXOs进行鉴定对比。取6~8周SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术(sham)组、大脑中动脉梗阻/再灌注(MCAO/R)组、阳性对照药依达拉奉(EDA)干预组(MCAO/R+EDA组)、EXOs干预组(MCAO/R+EXOs组)和ASIV-EXOs干预组(MCAO/R+ASIV-EXOs组),MCAO/R模型成功后行尾静脉给药。采用Zea Longa法对各组大鼠的神经功能缺损状况进行评估;TTC染色观察脑组织梗死区域;HE染色观察脑组织病理改变;TUNEL和caspase-1免疫荧光双染法检测细胞焦亡;ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-18的水平;Western blot法检测脑皮质缺血区组织caspase-1、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、含caspase募集结构域的凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、消皮素D(GSDMD)和IL-18蛋白的表达。结果:(1)HE染色结果显示,MCAO/R组大鼠脑皮质缺血区出现明显筛网状梗死灶,坏死区域周围神经元细胞排列紊乱,尼氏小体减少或消失,核仁固缩或碎裂,胞质内有空泡产生,见大量红色神经元;各药物干预组大鼠脑皮质缺血区病理损伤较轻,神经元结构较清晰,红色神经元数量亦明显减少。(2)与sham组比较,MCAO/R组与各药物干预组大鼠的神经功能缺损评分显著升高(P<0.01),脑梗死体积明显增大(P<0.01),血清中IL-1β和IL-18水平显著增高(P<0.01),免疫荧光染色双阳性细胞数量显著增多(P<0.01),脑皮质缺血区caspaseAIM:To investigate the mechanism by which exosomes(EXOs)derived from neural stem cells(NSCs)pretreated with astragaloside IV(ASIV)alleviate brain damage in rats after ischemic stroke.METHODS:Rat NSCs were isolated from fetal rats within 24 h of birth,cultured for 3 d,and subsequently treated with ASIV for additional 5 d.The EXOs from untreated NSCs and ASIV-pretreated NSCs(ASIV-EXOs)were isolated via ultracentrifugation of the cell supernatant.These EXOs were characterized using Western blot to detect specific markers such as CD63,tumor susceptibility gene 101(TSG101)and calnexin.Nanoparticle analysis was employed to determine the size,and the morphology of the EXOs was observed under electron microscope.Six to eight-week-old SD male rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups:sham group,middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model group,edaravone(EDA)treatment(MCAO/R+EDA)group,EXOs treatement(MCAO/R+EXOs)group and ASIV-EXOs treatment(MCAO/R+ASIV-EXOs)group.Tail vein injections were administered within 2 h following the successful establishment of the MCAO/R model.The Zea Longa method was utilized to evaluate neurological deficits,while the TTC method was employed to assess brain infarction.Pathological changes were examined through HE staining,and TUNEL and caspase-1 immunofluorescence double staining were conducted to detect cellular pyroptosis.Serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 were measured using ELISA,and Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of caspase-1,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),gasdermin D(GSDMD),and IL-18 proteins in the ischemic area of the rat cerebral cortex across all groups.RE-SULTS:The MCAO/R group exhibited significantly higher neurological deficit scores compared to the sham group(P<0.01)and lower scores in the administered groups relative to the MCAO/R group(P<0.05).Cerebral infarction was markedly increased in the MCAO/R group

关 键 词：神经干细胞 外泌体 黄芪甲苷 缺血性脑卒中 细胞焦亡 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R285[医药卫生—临床医学] R363.2