延龄草总皂苷通过调控Shh信号通路减轻血管性痴呆大鼠神经元损伤  

Total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim alleviate neuronal damage in vascular dementia rats by regulating Shh signaling pathway

作　　者：高建红 陈雅雯 田朝禧 朱红 赵方毓 何一多 刘昕 陈显兵 GAO Jianhong;CHEN Yawen;TIAN Chaoxi;ZHU Hong;ZHAO Fangyu;HE Yiduo;LIU Xin;CHEN Xianbing(Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,China;School of Medicine,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,China;School of Medicine,Wuhan Univer-sity of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北民族大学风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室,湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北民族大学医学部,湖北恩施445000 [3]武汉科技大学医学部,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《中国病理生理杂志》2025年第2期354-361,共8页Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.82260821);风湿性疾病发生与干预湖北省重点实验室(No.OIR202409Q,No.PT022110);湖北民族大学研究生教育创新项目(No.MYK2023069)。

摘　　要：目的:观察延龄草总皂苷(total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim,TST)对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠的神经保护作用,并探讨其对星形胶质细胞、音猬因子(Sonic Hedgehog,Shh)通路的作用及机制。方法:采用双侧颈总动脉结扎法建立VD大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、延龄草总皂苷组、盐酸多奈哌齐组及假手术组,每组18只,灌胃5周后取材。水迷宫实验检测大鼠的认知功能;HE和尼氏染色观察脑组织的病理变化;透射电子显微镜观察星形胶质细胞的超微结构;免疫组化法检测神经元核抗原(neuronal nuclear antigen,NeuN)、胶质细胞原纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、Shh及神经胶质瘤相关癌基因同源蛋白1(glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1,Gli1)的定位表达。免疫荧光法检测NeuN和GFAP的表达。最后,通过Western blot法检测海马区NeuN、GFAP、Shh、补缀同源物1(Patched 1,Ptch1)、Gli1、Bax、Bcl-2、TNF-α及IL-10的蛋白含量。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期延长,海马区、皮质区神经元排列松散紊乱,尼氏小体减少,脑神经元损伤严重。星形胶质细胞的细胞核显示染色质明显聚集,部分线粒体出现肿胀、嵴结构断裂,内质网区域肿胀。NeuN、Shh及Gli1阳性细胞的表达明显减少,GFAP阳性细胞的表达明显增多。此外,海马的NeuN、Shh、Ptch1、Gli1、Bcl-2和IL-10的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),而GFAP、Bax和TNF-α蛋白表达升高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,延龄草总皂苷组、盐酸多奈哌齐组大鼠上述检测指标均在一定程度上被逆转。结论:延龄草总皂苷可以有效减轻VD大鼠神经元病理损伤,从而改善学习记忆能力,其机制可能与抑制星形胶质细胞的过度活化、激活Shh/Ptch1/Gli1信号通路、抑制神经炎症、减少神经元凋亡有关。AIM:To observe the neuroprotective effects of total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim(TST)on rats with vascular dementia(VD)and explore the drug's impact on astrocytes and the Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)pathway as well as its mechanisms of action.METHODS:A rat model of vascular dementia was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.Subsequently,the rats were randomly divided into four groups:donepezil hydrochloride group,TST group,model group,and sham group,with 18 rats in each group.After 5 weeks of gavage,samples were collected.Cognitive function was evaluated by the water maze test.Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined with HE and Nissl staining.The ultrastructure of astrocytes was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.The localization and expression of the neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),Shh,and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(Gli1)were identified using immunohistochemistry.Immunofluorescence was also employed to exam-ine the expression of NeuN and GFAP.Finally,Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein levels of NeuN,GFAP,Shh,Patched 1(Ptch1),Gli1,Bax,Bcl-2,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the hippocampus.RESULTS:Compared to the sham group,the model rats demonstrated prolonged escape latency,disorga-nized and loosened neuronal arrangement in the hippocampus and cortex,reduced Nissl bodies,and significant neuronal damage.Astrocytes displayed chromatin aggregation,swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae structures,and swollen endoplasmic reticulum regions.The expression of NeuN,Shh,and Gli1 positive cells significantly decreased,while GFAP positive cells significantly increased.Additionally,the protein levels of NeuN,Shh,Ptch1,Gli1,IL-10,and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus were reduced(P<0.05),whereas those of GFAP,Bax,and TNF-αwere elevated(P<0.01).Com-pared to the model group,the donepezil hydrochloride and TST groups effectively improved the aforementioned indicators.CONCLUSION:Total saponins

关 键 词：延龄草总皂苷 血管性痴呆 神经元 星形胶质细胞 Shh/Ptch1/Gli1信号通路 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学] R7496[医药卫生—基础医学] R285.5